The challenges and opportunities for healthcare services in the future Essay

The challenges and opportunities for healthcare services in the future - Essay Example e first aid services to all sick or injured people, provide programs for the prevention and control of communicable diseases, control of endemic diseases, and offer generic medical advice1. However, health care services are facedwith many challenges presented by demographic and economic pressures. On the objective side, many opportunities can help healthcare services to develop and improve. Health care was and will continue to be one of the important sources in promoting the physical health and the wellbeing of people all over the world. However, with the advent of numerous healthcare changes, the sector of healthcare as well as the people who are working in healthcare service is continually presented with many challenges and the opportunities. This paper will discuss in detail the challenges and the opportunities for health care services in the future. It will have a deeper look at three main topics: technology and research, people and chronic disease, and working environment. It will address the challenges and the opportunities in each of these topics2. The world health organization has focused on establishing factors that contribute to the high preference of chronic diseases in their recent past. According to WHO, food determinants are a critical determinant of the health of any individual. An increased consumption of fast foods and a high preference for unhealthy foods has contributed to the souring occurrences of chronic diseases. Diseases such as cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure and liver and kidney diseases are attributable to an unhealthy eating pattern. The need for adoption of healthy eating patterns cannot be over emphasized3. Food habits have a direct correlation to the body mass index which is a reflection of one’s susceptibility to chronic diseases4. This is to say that, people with poor eating habits register high BMIs, high cholesterol levels and are susceptible to obesity. If such trends persist then the future will present a higher

Sony company Essay Example for Free

Sony company Essay One of the most recognized brand names in the world today, Sony Corporation, Japan, established its India operations in November 1994, focusing on the sales and marketing of Sony products in the country. In a span of 16 years, Sony India has exemplified the quest for excellence in the world of digital lifestyle becoming the country’s foremost consumer electronics brand. With relentless commitment to quality, consistent dedication to customer satisfaction and unparalleled standards of service, Sony India is recognized as a benchmark for new age technology, superior quality, digital concepts and personalized service that has ensured loyal customers and nationwide acclaim in the industry. With brands names such as BRAVIA, VAIO, Tablet, Handycam ®, Cyber-shot, Walkman ®, Xplodâ„ ¢, Sony hi-fi, Memory stick ® and PlayStation ®, Sony has established itself as a value leader across its various product categories of Audio/Visual Entertainment products, Information and Communications, Recording Media, Business and Professional products. Sony India is one of the most recognized consumer electronics brand in the country, with a reputation for new age technology, digital concepts and excellent after sales service. In India, Sony has its footprint across all major towns and cities in the country through a distribution network comprising of over 10,400 dealers and distributors, 270 exclusive Sony outlets and 23 direct branch locations. Sony India also has a strong service presence across the country with 255 service outlets. Manned by customer friendly and informed sales persons, Sony’s exclusive stores ‘Sony Center’ are fast becoming the most visible face of the company in India. A distinctive feature of Sony’s service is its highly motivated and well-trained staff that provides the kind of attentive and sensitive service that is rare today. Sony is committed to ensuring that both the products and the marketing activities employed truly make a difference to people’s lifestyles and offer them new dimensions of enjoyment. Relentless commitment to quality, continuous dedication to customer satisfaction and unparalleled standards of service is what differentiates us from countless competitors and reflects a true image of all that is Sony. HISTORY It was in 1946 that Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita together with a small team of passionate and committed group of employees started to build â€Å"Tokyo Tsushin Kenkyujo† (Totsuko), or â€Å"Tokyo Telecommunications Research Institute† into the billion dollar global conglomerate that it is today. The main objective of the company was to design and create innovative products which would benefit the people. From early attempts at creating products like the rice-cooker to the later success of creating Japan’s first magnetic recorder, the innovative company went on to create other hit products which won the company widespread recognition and international acclaim as a truly global company known for its quality and innovative products. Significant product milestones included Japan’s first transistor radio (1955), Trinitron colour television (1968), Walkman personal stereo (1979), Handycam videocamera (1989), PlayStation (1994), Blu-ray Disc recorder (2003) and PlayStation 3 (2006). The company name of Sony was created by combining two words of â€Å"sonus† and â€Å"sonny†. The word â€Å"sonus† in Latin represents words like sound and sonic. The other word â€Å"sonny† means little son. Used in combination, Sony is supposed to represent a very small group of young people who have the energy and passion towards unlimited creations and innovative ideas. With the far-sight of expanding worldwide, it was in 1958 that the company formally adopted â€Å"Sony Corporation† as its corporate name. Easy to pronounce and read in any language, the name Sony, which has a lively ring to it, fits comfortably with the spirit of freedom and open-mindedness. FORMATS AND TECHNOLOGIES Sony has historically been notable for creating its own in-house standards for new recording and storage technologies, instead of adopting those of other manufacturers and standards bodies. The most infamous of these was the videotape format war of the early 1980s, when Sony marketed the Betamax system for video cassette recorders against the VHS format developed by JVC. In the end, VHS gained critical mass in the marketbase and became the worldwide standard for consumer VCRs and Sony adopted the format. While Betamax is for all practical purposes an obsolete format, a professional-oriented component video format called Betacam that was derived from Betamax is still used today, especially in the television industry, although far less so in recent years with the introduction of digital and high definition. Sony launched the Betamax videocassette recording format in 1975. In 1979 the Walkman brand was introduced, in the form of the worlds first portable music player. 1982 saw the launch of Sonys professional Betacam videotape format and the collaborative Compact Disc (CD) format. In 1983 Sony introduced 90 mm micro diskettes (better known as 3.5-inch (89 mm) floppy disks), which it had developed at a time when there were 4 floppy disks and a lot of variations from different companies to replace the then on-going 5.25 floppy disks. Sony had great success and the format became dominant; 3.5 floppy disks gradually became obsolete as they were replaced by current media formats. In 1983 Sony launched the MSX, a home computer system, and introduced the world (with their counterpart Philips) to the Compact Disc (CD). In 1984 Sony launched the Discman series which extended their Walkman brand to portable CD products. In 1985 Sony launched their Handycam products and the Video8 format. Video8 and the follow-on hi-band Hi8 format became popular in the consumer camcorder market. In 1987 Sony launched the 4 mm DAT or Digital Audio Tape as a new digital audio tape standard. In addition to developing consumer-based recording media, after the launch of the CD Sony began development of commercially based recording media. In 1986 they launched Write-Once optical discs (WO) and in 1988 launched Magneto-optical discs which were around 125MB size for the specific use of archival data storage. In the early 1990s two high-density optical storage standards were being developed: one was the MultiMedia Compact Disc (MMCD), backed by Philips and Sony, and the other was the Super Density disc (SD), supported by Toshiba and many others. Philips and Sony abandoned their MMCD format and agreed upon Toshibas SD format with only one modification based on MMCD technology, viz EFMPlus. The unified disc format was called DVD which was marketed in 1997. Sony introduced the MiniDisc format in 1993 as an alternative to Philips DCC or Digital Compact Cassette. Since the introduction of MiniDisc, Sony has attempted to promote its own audio compression technologies under the ATRAC brand, against the more widely used MP3. Until late 2004, Sonys Network Walkman line of digital portable music players did not support the MP3 de facto standard natively, although the provided software SonicStage would convert MP3 files into the ATRAC or ATRAC3 formats. In 1993, Sony challenged the industry standard Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound format with a newer and more advanced proprietary motion picture digital audio format called SDDS (Sony Dynamic Digital Sound). This format employed eight channels (7.1) of audio opposed to just six used in Dolby Digital 5.1 at the time. Unlike Dolby Digital, SDDS utilized a method of backup by having mirrored arrays of bits on both sides of the film which acted as a measure of reliability in case the film was partially damaged. Ultimately, SDDS has been vastly overshadowed by the preferred DTS (Digital Theatre System) and Dolby Digital standards in the motion picture industry. SDDS was solely developed for use in the theatre circuit; Sony never intended to develop a home theatre version of SDDS. In 1998, Sony launched their Memory Stick format; flash memory cards for use in Sony lines of digital cameras and portable music players. It has seen little support outside of Sonys own products with Secure Digital cards (SD) commanding considerably greater popularity. This is due in part to the SD formats greater throughput (which allows faster recording and access), higher capacities, and significantly lower price per unit capacity compared to Memory Sticks available at the same time. Sony has made updates to the Memory Stick format with Memory Stick Duo and Memory Stick Micro. Sony and Philips jointly developed the Sony-Philips digital interface format (S/PDIF) and the high-fidelity audio system SACD. The latter has since been entrenched in a format war with DVD-Audio. At present, neither has gained a major foothold with the general public. CDs are preferred by consumers because of ubiquitous presence of CD drives in consumer devices. In 2004, Sony built upon the MiniDisc format by releasing Hi-MD. Hi-MD allows the playback and recording of audio on newly introduced 1 GB Hi-MD discs in addition to playback and recording on regular MiniDiscs. Recordings on the Hi-MD Walkmans can be transferred to and from the computer virtually unrestricted, unlike earlier NetMD. In addition to saving audio on the discs, Hi-MD allows the storage of computer files such as documents, videos and photos. Hi-MD introduced the ability to record CD-quality audio with a linear PCM recording feature. It was the first time since MiniDiscs introduction in 1992 that the ATRAC codec could be bypassed and lossless CD-quality audio could be recorded on the small discs. Sony was one of the leading developers of the Blu-ray Disc optical disc format, the newest standard for disc-based content delivery. The format emerged as the market leader over the competing standard, Toshibas HD DVD, after a 2 year-long format war. The first Blu-ray players became commercially available in 2006. By the end of 2007 the format had the backing of every major motion picture studio except Universal, Paramount, and DreamWorks The Blu-ray formats popularity continued to increase, solidifying its position as the dominant HD media format, and Toshiba announced its decision to stop supporting HD DVD in 2008. Now, all major studios support Blu-ray and release their films on the format. CORPORATE INFORMATION Finances Sony is one of Japans largest corporations by revenue. It had revenues of  ¥6.395 trillion in 2012. It also maintains large reserves of cash, with  ¥13.29 trillion on hand as of 2012. In May 2012, Sony shares were valued at about $15 billion. The company was immensely profitable throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, in part because of the success of its new PlayStation line. The company encountered financial difficulty in the mid- to late-2000s due to a number of factors: the global financial crisis, increased competition for PlayStation, and the Japanese earthquake. The company faced three consecutive years of losses leading up to 2011. While noting the negative effects of intervening circumstances such as natural disasters and fluctuating currency exchange rates, the Financial Times criticized the company for its lack of resilience and inability to gauge the economy. The newspaper voiced skepticism about Sonys revitalization efforts, given a lack of tangible results. In September 2000 Sony had a market capitalization of $100 billion; but by December 2011 it had plunged to $18 billion, reflecting falling prospects for Sony but also reflecting grossly inflated share prices of the dot.com years. Net worth, as measured by stockholder equity, has steadily grown from $17.9 billion in March 2002 to $35.6 billion through December 2011. Earnings yield (inverse of the price to earnings ratio) has never been more than 5% and usually much less; thus Sony has always traded in over-priced ranges with the exception of the 2009 market bottom. In April 2012, Sony announced that it would reduce its workforce by 10,000 (6% of its employee base) as part of CEO Hirais effort to get the company back into the green. This came after a loss of 520 billion yen (roughly US$6.36 billion) for fiscal 2012, the worst since the company was founded. Accumulation loss for the past four years was 919.32 billion-yen. Sony plans to increase its marketing expenses by 30% in 2012. 1,000 of the jobs cut come from the companys mobile phone units workforce. 700 jobs will be cut in the 2012-2013 fiscal year and the remaining 300 in the following fiscal year. On 9 December 2008, Sony Corporation announced that it would be cutting 8,000 jobs, dropping 8,000 contractors and reducing its global manufacturing sites by 10% to save $1.1 billion per year. Environmental record In November 2011, Sony was ranked 9th (jointly with Panasonic) in Greenpeaces Guide to Greener Electronics. This chart grades major electronics companies on their environmental work. The company scored 3.6/10, incurring a penalty point for comments it has made in opposition to energy efficiency standards in California. It also risks a further penalty point in future editions for being a member of trade associations that have commented against energy efficiency standards. Together with Philips, Sony receives the highest score for energy policy advocacy after calling on the EU to adopt an unconditional 30% reduction target for greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. Meanwhile, it receives full marks for the efficiency of its products. In 2007, Sony ranked 14th on the Greenpeace guide. Sony fell from its earlier 11th place ranking due to Greenpeaces claims that Sony had double standards in their waste policies. Since 1976, Sony has had an Environmental Conference. Sonys policies address their effects on global warming, the environment, and resources. They are taking steps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that they put out as well as regulating the products they get from their suppliers in a process that they call green procurement. Sony has said that they have signed on to have about 75 percent of their Sony Building running on geothermal power. The Sony Take Back Recycling Program allow consumers to recycle the electronics products that they buy from Sony by taking them to eCycle (Recycling) drop-off points around the U.S. The company has also developed a biobattery that runs on sugars and carbohydrates that works similarly to the way living creatures work. This is the most powerful small biobattery to date. In 2000, Sony faced criticism for a document entitled NGO Strategy that was leaked to the press. The document involved the companys surveillance of environmental activists in an attempt to plan how to counter their movements. It specifically mentioned environmental groups that were trying to pass laws that held electronics-producing companies responsible for the clean up of the toxic chemicals contained in their merchandise. EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION Employee Data The addition of employees of its mobile communications business, included in the scope of consolidation effective from fiscal year 2011, was offset by substantial personnel reductions at production sites in the East Asia and Asia/Pacific regions (i.e., excluding Japan) accompanying the implementation of production adjustments. As a consequence, as of March 31, 2012, the Sony Group had approximately 162,700 employees on its books, down 5,500 from the previous fiscal year-end. Sony Corporations headcount peaked at 23,000 in 1993, after which it remained fairly consistent at approximately 17,000. As of March 31, 2012, Sony Corporations headcount was approximately 16,000. Composition of Sony Corporations Directors and Corporate Executive Officers ELECTRONICS Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group. It primarily conducts strategic business planning of the group, research and development (RD), planning, designing and marketing for electronics products. Its subsidiaries such as Sony EMCS Corporation (6 plants in Japan), Sony Semiconductor Corporation (7 plants in Japan) and its subsidiaries outside Japan (Brazil, China, England, India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and United States) are responsible for manufacturing as well as product engineering (Sony EMCS is also responsible for customer service operations). In 2012, Sony incorporated rolled most of its consumer content services (including video, music, and gaming) into the Sony Entertainment Network. Sony produced the worlds first portable music player, the Walkman in 1979. This line fostered a fundamental change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphones. Walkman originally referred to portable audio cassette players. Sony utilized a related brand, Discman, to refer to its CD players. It dropped this name in the late 1990s. Sony sells many of its computer products using the VAIO brand. Sony entered again into the global computer market under the new VAIO brand, began in 1996. Short for Video Audio Integrated Operation, the line was the first computer brand to highlight visual-audio features. Sony faced considerable controversy when some of its laptop batteries exploded and caught fire in 2006 resulting in the largest computer-related recall to that point in history. In a bid to join the tablet computer market, the company launched its Sony Tablet series in 2011. The machines run on Google Android software. Sony offers a range of digital cameras. Point-and-shoot models adopt the Cyber-shot name, while digital single-lens reflex models are branded using Alpha. The first Cyber-shot was introduced in 1996. At the time, digital cameras were a relative novelty. Sonys market share of the digital camera market fell from a high of 20% to 9% by 2005 Sony entered the market for digital single-lens reflex cameras in 2006 when it acquired the camera business of Konica Minolta. Sony rebranded the companys line of cameras as its Alpha line. Sony is the worlds third largest manufacturer of the cameras, behind leaders Canon and Nikon. Sony used the LCD WEGA name for its LCD TVs until summer 2005. The company then introduced the BRAVIA name. BRAVIA is an in house brand owned by Sony which produces high-definition LCD televisions, projection TVs and front projectors, home cinemas and the BRAVIA home theatre range. All Sony high-definition flat-panel LCD televisions in North America have carried the logo for BRAVIA since 2005. Sony is the third-largest maker of televisions in the world. As of 2012[update], Sonys television business has been unprofitable for eight year. In December 2011, Sony agreed to sell all stake in an LCD joint venture with Samsung Electronics for about $940 million. On 28 March 2012, Sony Corporation and Sharp Corporation announced that they have agreed to further amend the joint venture agreement originally executed by the parties in July 2009, as amended in April 2011, for the establishment and operation of Sharp Display Products Corporation (SDP), a joint venture to produce and sell large-sized LCD panels and modules. Sony also sells a range of DVD players. It has shifted its focus in recent years to promoting the Blu-ray format, including discs and players. Sony produces a wide range of semiconductors and electronic components including image sensors, laser diodes, system LSIs, mixed-signal LSIs, OLED panels, etc. The company has a strong presence in image sensor market. Sony-manufactured CCD and CMOS image sensors are widely used in digital cameras, smartphones, tablet computers. Sony Ericsson distinguished itself with multimedia-capable mobile phones, which included features such as cameras. These were unusual for the time. Despite their innovations, SMC faced intense competition from Apples iPhone, released in 2007. From 2008 to 2010, amid a global recession, SMC slashed its workforce by several thousand. Sony acquired Ericssons share of the venture in 2012 for over US$1 billion. In 2009, SMC was the fourth-largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world (after Nokia, Samsung and LG). By 2010, its market share had fallen to sixth place. Sony Mobile Communications now focuses exclusively on the smart phone market. Launched in 1994, the first PlayStation gained 61% of global console sales and broke Nintendos long-standing lead in the market. The console has become the most successful of all time, selling over 150 million units as of 2011[update]. Early on, poor sales performance resulted in significant losses for the company, pushing it to sell the console at a loss. It later introduced the PlayStation Move, an accessory that allows players to control video games using motion gestures.Early on, the format was used for movies, but it has since lost major studio support. Sony released a disc-less version of its PlayStation Portable, the PSP Go. The company went on to release its second portable video game system, PlayStation Vita, in 2011 and 2012. Sony Online Entertainment operates online services for PlayStation, as well as several other online games. In 2011 hackers broke into the PlayStation Network online service, stealing the personal information of 77 million account holders. ENTERTAINMENT Sony Pictures Entertainment, Inc. (SPE) is the television and film production/distribution unit of Sony. With 12.5% box office market share in 2011, the company was ranked 3rd among movie studios. Its group sales in 2010 were US$7.2 billion. The company has produced many notable movie franchises, including Spider-Man, The Karate Kid, and Men in Black. It has also produced popular television game shows Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune. Sony entered the television and film production market when it acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment in 1989 for $3.4 billion. SPEs television division is known as Sony Pictures Television. For the first several years of its existence, Sony Pictures Entertainment performed poorly, leading many to suspect the company would sell off the division. In July 2000, a marketing executive working for Sony Corporation created a fictitious film critic, David Manning, who gave consistently good reviews for releases from Sony subsidiary Columbia Pictures that generally received poor reviews amongst real critics. Sony Music Entertainment (also known as SME or Sony Music) is the second-largest global recorded music company of the big four record companies and is controlled by Sony Corporation of America, the United States subsidiary of Japans Sony Corporation. The company owns full or partial rights to the catalogues of Michael Jackson, The Beatles, Usher, Eminem, Akon, and others. In one of its largest-ever acquisitions, Sony purchased CBS Record Group in 1987 for US$2 billion. In the process, Sony gained the rights to the catalogue of Michael Jackson, considered by the Guinness Book of World Records to be the most successful entertainer of all time. In 2004, Sony entered into a joint venture with Bertelsmann AG, merging Sony Music Entertainment with Bertelsmann Music Group to create Sony BMG. In 2005, Sony BMG faced a copy protection scandal, because its music CDs had installed a controversial feature on users computer that posing a security risk to affected users. In 2007, the company acquired Famous Music for US$370 million, gaining the rights to the catalogues of Eminem and Akon, among others. Sony bought out Bertelsmanns share in the company and formed a new Sony Music Entertainment in 2008. Since then, the company has undergone management changes.

Essay --

In the past decade, both the USA and Ireland have experienced huge economic downturn for a number of different reasons. The crisis in the US was largely due to subprime mortgages and mortgage-related securities defaulting between 2006 and 2008. The Irish crisis was more due to the large borrowing by the banking sector from overseas banks which led to overpriced property and unsafe lending by banks for property development. Some people argue that the collapse of the American economy had a large impact on the Irish economy which collapsed in the years following the US crisis. First, let’s focus on the US crisis and the main reasons behind it. The problem began when banks started to issue ‘Ninja Loans’. These were loans that anybody could take out and they didn’t require you to have a job, assets or any type of income. They were offered on teaser rates that jumped by up to 2%. The main issue with these loans was that they were non-recourse, that is, the banks couldn’t chase the owners for money. They only had the house as a security and this made it very easy for people to walk away fr...

Informative: Basketball and Perfect Jump Shot

pecific purpose: My specific purpose is to inform the audience on â€Å"How to shoot the perfect Jump Shot† in the sport of basketball. I will inform the audience on the correct shooting techniques, basketball shooting mechanics, basketball shooting form and drills to improve your shooting techniques. Thesis: By following and practicing these proper shooting techniques it will improve the amount of baskets you will make. Introduction: 1. Attention getter- interacts with audience (have a couple audience members catch and throw basketball in their idea of correct shooting form). Then proceed to tell them they are all wrong and will not make it far in the basketball career lol (: (joke). 2. Relevance- not only is this to help improve basketball skills this will help with any fitness you desire to participate in if you do not participate in a sport or specifically basketball. It will help with correct form with weight lifting as you bench dumbbell or even squats, even in other sports. So overall you can take a little bit of something specific and it can contribute to everyday life which is pretty interesting. . Establishment of ethos- I have been in athletics all my life and participated in the sports of basketball and track and field. From middle school, high school and even college I been performing this skill over the years in high intensity to try and perfect the perfect jump shot. As I am now pursing to be a well known Personal Trainer it will be great to express and inform such an audience on my knowledge of the perfect jump shot. 4. Thesis- By following and practicing these proper shooting techniques it will improve the amount of askets you will make. 5. Preview- During this presentation I will inform you how to shoot the perfect jump shot by giving you plenty of techniques including shooting mechanics, shooting form and fun drills you can practice to improve this technique. Transition: First I will discuss the basketball shooting technique if you don’t exactly know what that is; it is also known as the correct way to shoot a basketball. Body: 1. Not everyone will shoot the same, and some people might just have the most awkwardness shot and it will fit them and make baskets. But the best shooters in the NBA and WNBA establish the basics when it comes to shooting a basketball. A) According to Brad Winters author of â€Å"How to Shoot the Perfect Jump Shot† he list a detail explanation of the correct shooting techniques in which I will show you myself. He states, â€Å"1. Right foot forward, left foot back 2. Elbow close to and in front of body 3. Fingertips centered on the ball 4. Cock your hand so you can see wrinkles behind your wrist 5. The straightening of your arm will naturally bring the fingers directly behind the ball for the release and follow through 6. The basketball is brought to a position in front of the face right eye and left shoulder and high enough to see goal, teammates, defenders etc. † 2. With the proper skill set and consistent practice will you actually have a better percentage? B) If you have heard of Michael Jordan, he is the best player who has ever set foot on a basketball court and is a well know legend, will agre e that the correct shooting techniques will make a difference. C) According to Michael Jordan it’s all about the B. E. E. F. Balance, eyes, elbow and follow through. Michael Jordan Stats, â€Å"It’s important to shoot the ball the same way every single time, balance yourself with having your knees bent and one foot in front of the other, keep your eyes on the basket specifically in front of the rim, have your elbow close to and in front to protect the ball and once you rise up your follow through needs a flick of the wrist and a arc†. Transition: Correct shooting techniques is clearly needed in order to perfect the perfect jump shot. As Michael Jordan says, you have to shoot the ball the same way every time and once you get the proper techniques down your percentage will go up drastically. Next I will like to discuss Basketball Shooting Mechanics. 1. The difference between shooting technique and mechanics is that mechanics uses math and a little physics. A) 7 tips to improve your shooting mechanics by, Jeff Haefner gives you insight on the correct shooting mechanics that elevate your shooting technique (form) but I will list 3 that is the most important to me. Your feet need to be shoulder-width apart. Your knees should be slightly bent. If you like a stance that’s more open, then your shooting foot should be forward and your non-shooting foot trailing behind. If you like a stance that’s more square, then both of your feet should be facing the basket. -Make sure the ball is released before you reach the top of your jump. Your legs generate up force, so use them! You should always land in the same sp ot that you left. -When you shoot, the ball should start going right up with no dipping. Your elbow needs to be right under the ball, and your shooting hand needs to be in direct line to the rim. The ball needs to stay in front of you and should not go behind your head at all. Your body should release all with the shot: your legs, your core, and your arm all coordinated with one graceful movement. Your elbow and wrist should expand in a straight line to the basket. Transition: Shooting mechanics is another important aspect that goes into shooting the perfect jump shot, it is easy to slip into bad habits and the more you do a bad habit the deeper it will be ingrained and BECOME your mechanic. So practice is needed the more repetition the better you will become, now that you have your shooting fundamentals and shooting mechanics down. Now it’s time to have fun. SHOOTING DRILLS!! (: 1. A fun way to practice these techniques and mechanics is shooting drills, shooting drills that include fun but most of all repetition, game like intensity and put your knowledge and body to test. A) Ray Allen is considered one of the purest shooters in NBA history and leads the league all time in three pointers made. Strictly skills basketball . com lists some of Ray Allen’s workouts, drills and pre game rituals he does to improve his shooting. B) List of drills to do: The 2 minute challenge- The Ray Allen drill is meant to be a 2:00 timed drill to force accuracy and make you shoot under pressure. Do it several times to work on your conditioning and your shot. You must have a partner in order to do it for time, but it can also be done individually without the time component. The Elbow drill- Run to elbow to elbow and make 10 baskets on each side, will need a partner to rebound and pass the ball to you and has to be fast paced game like motion. The shoot and retreat drill- You will also need a partner to rebound and pass for you; you will run full speed to a pass and rise for a jump shot and the retreat back on defense. This drill will help with your form under the circumstances of recovering after you retreat; conditioning and shooting form will be tested in this drill once you are tired. Transition: As you can see, perfecting the perfect jump shot requires a lot of hard work but once you have your fundamentals and mechanics down it will be fun to practice them in drills and in games which will improve your percentage of baskets going in the hoop. Conclusion: 1. Signal: Correct shooting techniques, basketball shooting mechanics, basketball shooting form and drills to improve your shooting techniques. 2. Review: Not only is this to help improve basketball skills and your perfect jump shot this will help with any fitness you desire to participate in. 3. Tie back to audience: I been performing this skill over the years in high intensity to try and perfect the perfect jump shot. It will improve your percentage of baskets made which will make your game more unstoppable, not only am I pursuing to be a great basketball athlete, it has come in handy with personal training. 4. Conclusion remarks: I hope you all experienced an â€Å"ahh I get it† moment in your head, or at least learned something new, it is fairly easy the only thing that is hard is putting in the time and if you are serious about your perfect jump shot time shouldn’t matter it’s a dedication sport.

Evolution of Selling

The Evolution of selling The essay titled â€Å"Evolution of Selling â€Å"is based upon how selling has developed with the various key changes back into the industrial revolution era that has had an huge impact upon and led to the ways and approaches of selling today and looks into the ancient and modern methods, techniques and attitudes of selling which altogether has contributed to its modernization.The age of selling has brought about many advancements and developments in the world of Marketing through the encouragement of improving technology and people’s hard working attitude towards it, although, the question that remains is how personal selling even started at the first place? For which, Williams et al. (2001) has said in one of his books, Sales Management, that a street peddler was the first person ever who made a door-to-door sale by collecting the produce from the local farmers and selling it to the townspeople.Selling today would never have been so convincing if door-to-door selling was never introduced in the market because without understanding the customer’s needs and wants in detail by discussing with them, the company wouldn’t know what satisfies a customer, what products for whom and how they should be made according to their needs.Salespeople who earned a living only by selling products did not happen to be many in numbers until the Industrial Revolution(mid 1700s) hit England as traders, merchants, and artisans used to fill in the selling function before this era and were treated with disrespect due to frequent use of deception in the sale of goods (Williams et al. ,2001).The need for more salespeople was increasing since the local economies were no longer self-reliant and intercity and international trade began to embellish and therefore by the Post-Industrial Revolution Era (Early 1800s), personal selling was well recognized in England, whereas in the United States, it had just begun although eventually after the 185 0s became a well-established part of the United States business practice. For example, sending out of 400 traveling salespeople in the 1880s was being reported by one wholesaler in the Detroit area (Williams et al. , 2001).Furthermore, Charles W. Hoyt, 1912 cited in Williams et al. ( 2001;p19) as author of one of the first textbooks on sales management, records two types of salespeople â€Å"The old kind of salesman is the ‘big me’ species†¦. He works for himself and, so far as possible, according to his own ideas†¦. There is another type of salesman. He is the new kind. At present he is in the minority, but he works for the fastest growing and most successful houses of the day. He works for the house and the house works for him. He welcomes and uses every bit of help the house sends to him. Hoyt’s observations about the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ salesperson had woken up the managements of firms in the United States who were beginni ng to realize the incredible potential of personal selling. The two World Wars and the Great Depression Era had affected the United States badly during the 30 year span from 1915-1945. New sales methods did not develop quickly then as the economic activity had to concentrate on the war efforts and due to this depression, Business firms had to employee aggressive salespeople to produce badly needed sales revenue (Williams et al. 2001). This in turn may have led upon the corrosion of the customers because a salesperson without the personal code of ethics and being aggressive can erode customers by pushing them into the product forcefully even if they are not willing to buy it. During the post- World War II era, Salespeople as employees were given more importance since many more firms were beginning to understand the benefits of research- based integrated marketing programs (Williams et al. 2001). Professionalism and the Marketing era begins in the late 1940s where Buyers became more i ntolerant of high-pressure putting sellers and instead preferred a well-informed, customer-oriented salesperson, for which, an article called ‘low pressure selling’ was published by Harvard Business Review in the year 1947 helping the salespeople put more efforts in improvising their professional behavior and building a good rapport with the buyers (Williams et al. , 2001).More organizations were beginning to realize that the salespersons are in a position to collect product, market and service information concerning and determining the target market’s needs and wants in order to deliver the desired satisfaction (Manning, Ahearne and Reece, 2012). Since the beginning of the modern era, Personal selling has developed through many distinctive stages such as the transactional selling era, the consultative selling era, the strategic selling era and the partnering era.During the transactional selling era, the two forces namely, Psychology and Methodology was introduce d in the 1950s which changed the whole selling industry and both of them adjoined to create a five step process called AIDCA, an acronym for Attention through sizzle, Interest aroused by describing the features and benefits, Desire by associating features and benefits with the needs and wants, Conviction from the seller in overcoming objections and Action by actively closing in for commitment (Hughes, nd).Transaction selling is the set of skills, strategies and sales processes that matches the needs of intrinsic value customers who treat suppliers as a commodity and are especially interested in the price and the convenience of the product (Rackham and Devincentis, 1999). In transactional selling, the buyers are mainly focused to a low-priced and a convenient product to buy, whereas the salesperson is focused into manipulating the buyer into buying it.The marketers were beginning to adopt lower cost sales channels for such sale but the decline in transactional selling due to the rise in e-commerce, increasing the complexity of businesses, led to the rise of the consultative selling era (Manning, Ahearne and Reece, 2012). The consultative selling era began in the late 1960s and early 1970s which is more focused onto the customer’s need-identification and is accomplished through effective communication between the buyer and the seller.According to Neil Rackham and John Devincentis, in their book ‘Rethinking the sales force’, the consultative selling is linked with extrinsic value customers who demand more value and are willing to pay for any additional benefits outside of the product. The seller listens carefully to the customers’ needs and problems and tries to come up with an appropriate solution to it, which also leads to the building of customer’s trust for it. Manipulation is replaced by Negotiation in consultative selling as the seller look towards making long-term relationships with the customers (Manning, Ahearne and Reec e, 2012).Neil Rackham’s, Author of the best-selling sales book ‘Spin Selling ‘, SPIN selling method is the perfect example for this where S stands for Situation, P for Problem, I for Implication and N for Need Payoff. The strategic selling era began to evolve in the 1980s where the businesses witnessed a more complex selling situation due to the increase in global competition, wider product lines, and greater demand for more specific and custom-made products. A strategy is just more than tactics, it often involves analyzing the market and searching for information related to the customer’s needs and wants before making the actual sale.Its steps are to develop a personal selling philosophy, develop a relationship strategy, develop a product strategy, develop a customer strategy, and develop a presentation strategy (Manning, Ahearne and Reece, 2012). The Partnering Era was beginning to grab attention in the 1990s and turned into a business reality in the 2000 s. It is strategically developed by skillfully applying the four major strategies of the strategic selling and also delivering a quality product and building a quality long-term relationship with the customer (Manning, Ahearne and Reece, 2012).In modern selling, it doesn’t always have to be on foot because most of the organizations apply a variety of other selling methods calling it ‘the selling mix’ in which, according to William C. Moncrief and Greg W. Marshall in their article â€Å"Evolution of the seven stages of selling†, it includes methods such as teleselling, part-time sales forces, internet selling, national account representatives and selling through the use of partners.The traditional seven steps of selling involves steps such as Prospecting-salespeople find their own prospects and potential customers, Preapproach-salespeople study customer’s needs and wants prior to the actual visit, Approach-salespeople build rapport with customer†™s by applying strategies, Presentation- Providing sufficient information for the buyer to understand the products benefits, Objections- Customer objects and asks questions relating to the product and the company, therefore salespeople should answer in a positive manner to reveal customer’s needs, Close- closing the sale with the commitment to buy the product, Follow up- After service to make sure the customer is happy with the purchase(Moncrief and Marshall, 2005). There were many transformative factors, which led to the evolution of these seven steps of selling, such as telemarketing, support staff, PowerPoint/multimedia, listening, team selling, identifying mutual goals, increased effectiveness of communication through technology and many more (Moncrief and Marshall, 2005).The evolved selling process then turns out to be the following: Customer retention and deletion- 80% of Business made from 20% of existing customers so company decides to retain the high potential and profitable customers rather than prospecting for new ones, Database and knowledge management- Technological advances such as email and mobile phones has helped salespeople create a customer database quicker than before, Customer relationship management- Requires the salespeople to maintain a long term relation with the customers, Marketing the product- Salespeople now have to market the product by using segmentation and targeting etc. , Problem solving and system selling- Identify customers problems and needs and implement effective solution, Satisfying needs and adding value- Stimulate need recognition for the customer to realize their needs (Jobber and Lancaster, 2009). In conclusion, there still are some traditional techniques and methods used in the professionalism of selling today although there is one big difference that the selling before was company oriented and selling today is customer oriented. ReflectionThe essay on the evolution of selling was very interesting as it has familiarized me with the history of selling before moving any further with the modern selling and it has enriched me with lots of quality knowledge by referring to quality sources I can trust. If I’m to make a career in selling, which I think I will since It has filled the gaps of my theoretical and practical knowledge and that I also find it very interesting, It will also help not to repeat the mistakes in future that have been made previously by other salesmen. It has made me think about the skills that I already possess and the ones that I need to work on like communications skills, presentation skills.It did not seem interesting at first but then when I got to know the basics of the evolution of selling and what’s this essay is going to be about, I was filled with enthusiasm and kick-started it with a spark. Although it was quite difficult to look for the appropriate sources and took a lot of time going through it, I was not the least bothered and was ready to go that extra mile and make the effort. References Hughes, T. (nd),  The Evolution of Selling,  Available from http://rsvpselling. com/content/evolution-selling. Last accessed 10th November 2012. Jobber, D. and Lancaster, G. (2009), Selling and Sales Management, 8th edition, Essex (England), Pearson education limited. Manning, L. G. , Ahearne, M. , and Reece, L. B. (2012), Selling Today: Partnering to create value, 12th edition, New Jersey, Prentice Hall Moncrief, C. W. and Marshall, W. G. 2005) Industrial Marketing Management, the Evolution of the Seven Steps of Selling, Vol 34, No 1, pp13-22, Available from Business source complete (EBSCO), Accessed 10 November 2012. Rackham, N. (1988), Spin Selling, United States of America, McGraw-Hill Professional. Rackham, N. and Devincentis, J. (1999), Rethinking the sales force: Redefining selling to create and capture customer value, United States of America, McGraw-Hill Professional. Williams, R. M. , Schwepker, H. C. , Avila, A. R. , LaF orge, W. R. and Ingram, N. T. (2001), Sales Management: Analysis and Decision Making, 4th edition, United States of America, Harcourt college publishers.

Soil Erosion in Africa

Soil Erosion in Africa Soil erosion in Africa threatens food and fuel supplies and can contribute to climate change. For over a century, governments and aid organizations have tried to combat soil erosion in Africa, often with limited effect. The Problem Today Currently, 40% of soil in Africa is degraded. Degraded soil diminishes food production and leads to soil erosion, which in turn contributes to desertification. This is particularly worrisome since, according to the UNs  Food and Agriculture Organization, some 83% of sub-Saharan African people depend on the land for their livelihood, and food production in Africa will have to increase almost 100% by 2050 to keep up with population demands. All of this makes soil erosion a pressing social, economic, and environmental issue for many African countries. Causes for Erosion Erosion happens when wind or rain carry topsoil away. How much soil is carried away depends on how strong the rain or wind is as well as the soil quality, topography (for example, sloped versus terraced land), and the amount of ground vegetation. Healthy topsoil (like soil covered with plants) is less erodible. Put simply, it sticks together better and can absorb more water. Increased population and development put greater stress on soils. More land is cleared and less left fallow, which can deplete the soil and increase water run-off. Overgrazing and poor farming techniques can also lead to soil erosion, but it is important to remember that not all causes are human; climate and natural soil quality are also important factors to consider in tropical and mountainous regions. Failed Conservation Efforts During the colonial era, state governments tried to force peasants and farmers to adopt scientifically approved farming techniques. Many of these efforts were aimed at controlling African populations and did not take into account significant cultural norms. For instance, colonial officers invariably worked with men, even in areas where women were responsible for farming. They also provided few incentives - only punishments. Soil erosion and depletion continued, and rural frustration over colonial land schemes helped fuel nationalist movements in many countries. Not surprisingly, most nationalist governments in the post-independence era tried to work with rural populations rather than force change. They favored education and outreach programs, but soil erosion and poor output continued, in part because no one looked carefully at what farmers and herders were actually doing. In many countries, elite policymakers had urban backgrounds, and they still tended to presume that rural peoples existing methods were ignorant and destructive. International NGOs and scientists also worked off of assumptions about peasant land use that are now being called into question. Recent Research Recently, more research has gone into both the causes of soil erosion and into what are termed indigenous farming methods and knowledge about sustainable use. This research has exploded the myth that peasant techniques were inherently unchanging, traditional, wasteful methods. Some farming patterns are destructive, and research can identify to better ways, but increasingly scholars and policymakers are emphasizing the need to draw the best from scientific research and peasant knowledge of the land. Current Efforts to Control Current efforts, still include outreach and education projects, but are also focusing on greater research and employing peasants or providing other incentives for participating in sustainability projects. Such projects are tailored to local environmental conditions and can include forming water catchments, terracing, planting trees, and subsidizing fertilizers. There have also been a number of transnational and international efforts to protect soil and water supplies. Wangari Maathai won the Nobel Peace Prize for establishing the Green Belt Movement, and in 2007, the leaders of several African states across the Sahel created the Great Green Wall Initiative, which has already increased forestation in targeted areas. Africa is also part of the Action against Desertification, a $45 million program that includes the Caribbean and Pacific. In Africa, the program is funding projects that will protect forests and topsoil while generating incomes for rural communities. Numerous other national and international projects are underway as soil erosion in Africa gains greater attention from policymakers and social as well as environmental organizations. Sources Chris Reij, Ian Scoones, Calmilla Toulmin (eds). : Indigenous Soil and Water Conservation in AfricaSustaining the Soil (Earthscan, 1996) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Soil is a non-renewable resource. infographic, (2015). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Soil is a non-renewable resource. pamphlet, (2015). Global Environmental Facility, Great Green Wall Initiative (accessed 23 July 2015) Kiage, Lawrence,  Perspectives on the assumed causes of land degradation in the rangelands of Sub-Saharan Africa.  Progress in Physical Geography Mulwafu, Wapulumuka. : A History of Peasant-State Relations and the Environment in Malawi, 1860-2000.Conservation Song (White Horse Press, 2011).

How to Further Your Writing Name

How to Further Your Writing Name Its simple. Each and every single day you promote yourself. For instance: 1) Write a guest blog post and pitch it. 2) Leave deep, well-written, intelligent replies on other blogs demonstrating who you are and how personable you are. 3) Do a signing anywhere (if you write books). 4) Post on social media something related to your brand or writing. 5) Find mentors on social media and connect with a post. 6) Send review copies (if you write books). 7) Connect with a local bookstore (if you write books). 8) Connect with a library. Join the Friends of the Library. 9) Attend a library event. 10) Volunteer an event at the library (regardless what you write). 11) Attend someone elses signing and give them (just them, not the audience) your book or business card. 12) Join the Chamber of Commerce and send them an ad. 13) Attend a writers group. 14) Attend a Chamber or public event and give out your card. 15) Start a biweekly or monthly newsletter. 16) Create an email signature block about your writing. 17) Host a book party at your home. 18) Connect with an area book club and send a copy of your book. 19) Write a feature for the local paper. 20) Write a feature and pitch it to a local magazine. 21) Write reviews for other authors, emailing them with a copy of the review and a thank-you for writing the book. 22) Attend a writers conference and connect with ten authors. 23) Never leave home without your business cards. Give one out per day. 24) Ask a school if you can make a presentation. 25) Contact your local community center and ask about making a presentation. 26) Send postcards to your community make them simple and professional. 27) Send a press release to your local television station  to the specific journalist who does human interest pieces. Make the press release about a topic other than the fact you write or have a book. 28) Be seen writing. 29) Write AUTHOR in any place that asks for your profession. 30) Tell someone you are an author, and have answers for those standard questions of What do you write?, Where can I buy your books?, and How can I become published, too? Do not waffle. Own being an expert. Keep a calendar. Each day you promote yourself in any way, cross it off with a big red X. Be honest. And when you dont, leave it blatantly blank. Develop the habit of self-promotion. The point is to become that person everyone recognizes as that writer, not just someone who sometimes writes.

Parsing Text Files With Perl

Parsing Text Files With Perl Parsing text files is one of the reasons Perl makes a great data mining and scripting tool. As youll see below, Perl can be used to basically reformat a group of text. If you look down at the first chunk of text and then the last part at the bottom of the page, you can see that the code in the middle is what transforms the first set into the second. How to Parse Text Files As an example, lets build a little program that opens up a tab separated data file, and parses the columns into something we can use. Say, as an example, that your boss hands you a file with a list of names, emails, and phone numbers, and wants you to read the file and do something with the information, like put it into a database or just print it out in a nicely formatted report. The files columns are separated with the TAB character and would look something like this: Larry larryexample.com 111-1111 Curly curlyexample.com 222-2222 Moe moeexample.com 333-3333 Heres the full listing well be working with: #!/usr/bin/perl open (FILE, data.txt); while (FILE) { chomp; ($name, $email, $phone) split(\t); print Name: $name\n; print Email: $email\n; print Phone: $phone\n; print -\n; } close (FILE); exit; Note:Â  This pulls some code from the tutorial on how to read and write files in Perl. What it does first is open a file called data.txt (that should reside in the same directory as the Perl script). Then, it reads the file into the catchall variable $_ line by line. In this case, the $_ is implied and not actually used in the code. After reading in a line, any whitespace is chomped off the end of it. Then, the split function is used to break the line on the tab character. In this case, the tab is represented by the code \t. To the left of the splits sign, youll see that Im assigning a group of three different variables. These represent one for each column of the line. Finally, each variable that has been split from the files line is printed separately so that you can see how to access each columns data individually. The output of the script should look something like this: Name: Larry Email: larryexample.com Phone: 111-1111 - Name: Curly Email: curlyexample.com Phone: 222-2222 - Name: Moe Email: moeexample.com Phone: 333-3333 - Although in this example were just printing out the data, it would be trivially easy to store that same information parsed from a TSV or CSV file, in a full-fledged database.

Characteristics of Sam as an Employee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Characteristics of Sam as an Employee - Essay Example First of all, Sam does not know if the client really complained against him, or if it is the trick played by his employers to get rid of him, because Sam, under the presented circumstances, would not dare to sue them legally, as there is a possibility of a sexual abuse cropping up against him. He would be frightened, or he would also be humiliated to face such charges and hence, the employers even after dismissing him from service are safe. Here is a very strong possibility of the employers plotting against an employee who could be dismissed in a devious way, and at the same time, could be unable to retaliate against them. If they had dismissed Sam from the job without a sexual abuse complaint in the background, he would have definitely sued them for unlawful dismissal and they would have been forced to compensate him for the money and the career prospectus that he had lost due to their dismissal. As a grave charge of sexual assault is made here, Sam is unable to knock at the legal d oor. In any job, job security is of paramount importance without which the mental, physical wellbeing of the worker could be ruined combined with a disastrous career route. â€Å"The employee who loses his or her job in an economy which uses market exchanges to direct labour towards remunerative employment is immediately deprived of his or her major source of wealth, and will possibly suffer long-term impoverishment as a result of unemployment. At the same time the worker is excluded from the workplace which is likely to constitute a significant community in his or her life,† Collins (1992, p.15). The worker loses his dignity and self-confidence to find another job. Even he gets an alternative job; he would find it difficult to work freely in that post being haunted by the earlier unsavoury memories. There are psychological cases where the person was scarred for life. The importance of job security is so high that almost all the governments have chosen to pass as many laws as possible to create an atmosphere of security for the worker.

Learning objectives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning objectives - Assignment Example The skills learnt during the first objective attainment were observation skills, learning the prevailing theories in HR field, updating my knowledge base for working in HR department and problem solving skills. In HR, it is important to have good observation skills so that the employees’ performances can be monitored and in order to motivate them, it is important to have up-to-date information about market trends regarding employees’ pay and need to be proactive in solving the HR problems. I recommended the HR head to develop a policy in which the HR problems are solved by a separate committee so that time of other employees in HR department is saved. There were twenty employees in the HR department and when some issue was raised, ten employees were assigned the task of resolving it. Hence, my suggestion was taken into consideration and five employees were given the responsibility of resolving any HR related issue. Initially, I faced some problems as my writing skills were not strong but eventually I learnt how to communicate the message correctly and clearly. I was partially able to complete my learning objective at the end of my internship programme. When working in HR department, it is important that one has good communication skills as it helps employee to communicate with each other effectively and understand other employees with whom you are working as a team (Torrance, 282). During my internship, I had to interact with many employees and my supervisor used to give me the responsibility of communicating HR policies to employees in other departments via emails on Intranet. While fulfilling this objective, I learnt how to effectively use the communication tools such as emails to inform other employees in the company about changing policies or introducing them to new rules and regulations. At times, I had to face criticism as I was weak in communicating the message correctly but eventually I

A harmful impact of acid rain Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A harmful impact of acid rain - Research Paper Example Nitrogen compounds and Sulfur oxides are some of the major gases which are coming out from industrial units, vehicles and power plants. These gases have the ability to combine with hydrogen present in atmospheric moisture and the result would be acids like Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Hydro chloric acid etc. These acids spread in the atmosphere and referred as acid rain. These acids have immense destructive power upon human and plant life. It can also cause damages to soil and buildings. This paper argues that the industrial waste and the emissions from vehicles should be restricted in order to avoid acid rain and to save soil, buildings, human life and plant life. Our atmosphere consists of water particles (H2O) from rain, snow, dew, fog etc. The gases such as SO2, CO2, NO2 etc liberated from industrial units, vehicles, etc will react with atmospheric water and the result would be the formation of different types of acids. Some of the acid forming reactions are given below. H2O + CO2 H2CO3 (Carbonic acid) H2O + SO2 H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid) 2H2O +4NO2+O2 4HNO3 (Nitric acid) From the above equations, it is clear that carbonic acid is formed due to the reaction of carbon dioxide with atmospheric water whereas sulfuric acid is formed due to the reaction of sulfur dioxide with atmospheric water. ... As we all know, acidity is harmful to human health. It can affect our bodily functions in different manner. Acid rains can pollute fresh water or drinking water sources like, rivers, streams, ponds, wells etc immensely. When we consume water from these polluted water sources, acid enters our body and cause lot of health problems. Same way acid rain increases the acidity of soil which is not good for crops. As mentioned earlier, industrial wastes and the emissions from automobiles increase the concentration of sulfur, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons etc in the atmosphere. These elements or compounds have the ability to react with water molecules under favorable conditions like heat, light, water etc. Ling et al (2010) investigated impacts of simulated acid rain (SAR) upon four types of soil enzymes, namely the catalase, acid phosphatase, urease, and amylase, in a latosol and concluded that acid rain had adverse environmental impacts on soil enzyme activities in the latosol Latosol is an acidic red soil and forms in the tropical rainforest biome. In general, the catalase, acid phosphatase, and urease activities increased with the SAR pH levels. However, the maximum amylase activity was found at pH 4.0 and decreased as the SAR pH increased from 4.0 to 5.0 or decreased from 4.0 to 2.5. (Ling et al). pH determines the fertility of the soil. In normal cases, the pH value of the soil is 7. When pH value lowers; it means the soil is getting acidic whereas when the pH value increase from the normal value; it means the soil is getting basic. Both higher pH value and lower pH value are equally dangerous for the crops. Yields from

Properties of Gases Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Properties of Gases - Lab Report Example When the water in the pipette bulb had been completely displaced by hydrogen, the pipette was removed in an inverted position, and a thumb was placed over its opening to keep any gaseous content from escaping. A match was lit, and a small portion of the pipette content was squeezed into the flame from a distance of about 1 cm. Observations were made, and the results were recorded. The wide-neck pipette bulb was marked with a marker pen on the outside into three equal parts. The marked pipette bulb was filled with water, inverted and was set onto the gas generation tube. When about two thirds of the bulb was occupied with the produced gas, the bulb was removed while in an inverted position. The pipette bulb was set with its mouth facing down into one of the wells of the 24-well plate for later use. The test tube was disassembled and was rinsed well with water. Preparation and test for oxygen gas Few pieces of Manganese metal were placed into a second test tube. Enough of 3% Hydrogen p eroxide was added to fill the test tube almost to the top. A rubber stopper with plastic gas delivery tube through its center was inserted into the test tube, and the test tube was placed into a well of the 24-well plate. The test tube was wedged into a straight position by use of a paper tissue. The reaction was observed, and the observation was recorded. A comparison was made between the reaction in the first part of the experiment and the reaction in the second part of the experiment. Another wide-neck pipette bulb was completely filled with water. The pipette was inverted and was placed on the delivery tube of the test tube. When the water had been completely displaced by the produced gas in the collection pipette,... The paper describes the procedure of preparation and test for such gases: Hydrogen, Oxygen, carbon Dioxide, Mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. Properties of gases were used to identify various gases. Hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, and oxygen gas were prepared, and their properties were investigated in this experiment. The reaction of zinc metal and dilute hydrochloric acid produced hydrogen gas which was collected by the upward delivery method, over the surface of water. Hydrogen gas produced a ‘pop’ sound when it was burned in air. Hydrogen peroxide liquid decomposed into oxygen gas and water in the presence of manganese dioxide. Oxygen gas was collected by the downward displacement of water method, over the surface of water. Gas generator test tubes were filled with chemicals almost to the top to ensure that the generated gases were not mixed with air. The ability to relight a glowing splint was the major chemical property of oxygen that was used in its identification . The mixture of hydrogen and oxygen was found to burn explosively with the formation of water vapor. The reaction between sodium bicarbonate and white vinegar produced carbon dioxide gas and water. The gas was collected by down ward delivery method because it was heavier than air. Carbon dioxide gas formed a white suspension with limewater due to the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate. Carbon dioxide gas also extinguished a burning wooden toothpick which was evident that it does not support combustion. Carbon dioxide gas also turned the green Bromothymol blue into a yellow color.

Oasis or Blur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oasis or Blur - Essay Example Differing trajectories of Oasis and Blur In 1991, Oasis as and came to existence in the city of Manchester. The group was composed of Liam Gallagher, Paul Arthurs, McGuian, and McCarrol, to be joijned later by Noel Gallagher and was earlier known as ‘The rain’. Simplicity of music, crafted mainly by Gallagher brothers, was one of the hallmarks of the Oasis band. Also, the group started its triumph from nearly nothing. However, the group had faced several problems in the long run chiefly because of the in-fights and even accusations of plagiarism more than once which they had to pay damages. Especially, the tendency of Gallagher brothers to bring their petty sibling fights to the tabloid, compounded with the wild lifestyles has eventually led to the gradual erosion of the band’s popularity. Repeated live performances without substantial intervals have also taken the toll from the members of the band. The hedonistic lifestyle of the team members were major reason fo r the group’s downfalls. It is important to note that Oasis’s music style was heavily intertwined with that of The Beatles, up to the extent to be labelled as obsession by the media. Blur as an alternate music band was formed in London in 1989.

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International trade - Essay Example The theory of comparative advantage insinuates that reducing trade limits (trade liberalization) and opening up global markets would lead to benefits from trade for all parties concerned. However, the theory is one thing, getting nations to agree to break down complex trade obstacles they have put up over the years is another thing altogether. Taking this complexity into account, how is it possible to know that countries that claim to have relaxed their trade restrictions actually have? Even if it is possible to confirm that this has happened, is there any evidence to ascertain that trade liberalization actually brings benefits to the developing world, where problems arising from the difficulty of penetrating the markets of the developed world are very grave? This paper aims to answer this question and more. Key words Trade liberalization, protectionism, trade barriers, tariffs, quotas, comparative advantage Most studies (extensive and comprehensive studies going back as far as the 7 0s and 80s, and more recent (though less reliable) ones conducted using cross-country regression analysis) strongly indicate that countries that have more liberal trade laws grow faster and have more open economies compared to those that have more protectionist policies (Buffie 2001, pg. 15). Since 1980, the PCIs of third world countries that have a combined population of over 3 billion people have doubled; this is according to figures released by the OECD and the World Bank. In addition to this, they have managed to slash, by more than 30%, their mean import tariffs, as well as almost tripling their ratios of trade-to-GDP. This means that only third world countries that are less developed, have combined populations of less than 2 billion, whose trade-to-GDP ratios and PCIs are stagnant, and who have insignificant decline in mean import tariffs, are left. Unlike the rest, the new globalizers have also witnessed dramatic improvements in welfare indicators and significant reductions i n poverty. A lot has been made of the World’s Bank’s decision to revise its approximations of future effects of trade liberalization. They are not unimportant. However, trade liberalization only is not a panacea (Okamoto 2004, pg. 46). In order to fully realize productivity benefits, external liberalization should be integrated into comprehensive market-based reforms and be supported by institutional reforms that buttress markets – just like David Hume and Adam Smith indicated more than 2 centuries ago. The main point however remains that richer developing countries are those that have carried out massive liberalization of foreign direct investment (FDI) and external trade as a part of a broader move towards market economies (Vietnam and China are the perfect examples). So much for the very fallacious view that high protection in Vietnam and China has not stifled fast growth and has in fact triggered it. Should only developed countries liberalize trade during th e Doha round? Northern trade limits suppress exports from labor-intensive developing countries, and are therefore very iniquitous. However, what groups like Oxfam do not say is that the protectionist policies of developing countries hurt them even more (Rogowsky & Linkins 2001, pg. 37). Such liberalization would benefit unskilled rural labor

Oasis or Blur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oasis or Blur - Essay Example Differing trajectories of Oasis and Blur In 1991, Oasis as and came to existence in the city of Manchester. The group was composed of Liam Gallagher, Paul Arthurs, McGuian, and McCarrol, to be joijned later by Noel Gallagher and was earlier known as ‘The rain’. Simplicity of music, crafted mainly by Gallagher brothers, was one of the hallmarks of the Oasis band. Also, the group started its triumph from nearly nothing. However, the group had faced several problems in the long run chiefly because of the in-fights and even accusations of plagiarism more than once which they had to pay damages. Especially, the tendency of Gallagher brothers to bring their petty sibling fights to the tabloid, compounded with the wild lifestyles has eventually led to the gradual erosion of the band’s popularity. Repeated live performances without substantial intervals have also taken the toll from the members of the band. The hedonistic lifestyle of the team members were major reason fo r the group’s downfalls. It is important to note that Oasis’s music style was heavily intertwined with that of The Beatles, up to the extent to be labelled as obsession by the media. Blur as an alternate music band was formed in London in 1989.

Journal 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal 2 - Essay Example Because of the debates, patient’s rights that included consent to treatment, access to information, and the ability to complain came to application under the law1. However, it took the continued effort of the Patient organizations to advocate for these rights, their realization, in popularizing their discourse in the National Health Service in Britain. The article recognizes that there were various challenges towards the realization and implementation of these patients’ rights. As such, the idea of patients having rights in relation to health care is debatable. Indeed, both supporters and detractors of the National Health Service in Britain use the patient’s rights to argue their positions. The entailed patient’s rights involves the right to access to health services, confidentiality, consent, involvement in their own health care, quality of care and the environment. They also involve right to air complaints and get feedbacks. Moreover, the introduction of the NHS Constitution significantly developed the British health care and promoted the patients’ rights. In addition, organizations like the Patients Association, the Community Health Councils, and the Consumers Association among others advocated for patient’s rights from as early as the 1960s2. The article stipulates that the language of rights has since evolved and attracted diverse applications in the 1970s and 1980s. Furthermore, in the 20th Century, there have been distinct, but overlapping, visions of health rights. These rights include health as a human right, as a citizens’ right, and as a consumers right. However, in Britain, these rights attracted no contradictions between the state and citizen. Indeed, in 1948, the United Nations made a universal declaration of human rights contemplating the right to health on a global level. In fact, health forms part of the development goals in many nations since the 1980s with an aim of tackling epidemics. However, in Britain,

Fair Value Accounting Essay Example for Free

Fair Value Accounting Essay This paper attempts to answer the question: â€Å"Is it reasonable to blame fair value accounting for any of the Wall Street mess? † This paper in effect settle whether the use of fair value accounting by listed companies in the major stock exchanges in the US, particularly those found in Wall Street, which the caused fall in prices of the stocks of these companies, was required of companies without justification; hence, it should be blamed for the mess. 2. Analysis and Discussion Any mess in the Wall Street is defined for this paper as one causing the stock prices of companies list in major stock exchanges of the US to fall and that it resulted to losses to investors. To have reasonable basis to blame fair value accounting for any Wall Street mess, does not simply mean that fair value accounting was the necessary cause of fall in the prices of corporate stocks but that the requirement of fair value accounting must not be fair. The question that must be decided therefore is whether fair value accounting is fair as basis of valuing corporate assets, liabilities and equity. A situation or condition is fair if it gives what is due to a person. If the concept of fair value is used in the context of an asset purchased or liability assumed in business, fair value implies that said asset or liability must neither be overpriced nor underpriced whether perceived or otherwise. The law of economics would have fair value as one representing that market price or that equilibrium price of a product or service (Samuelson and Nordhaus, 1992) which is also the value of something from a seller that is not forced to sell or from a buyer that is not forced to buy. Investors, creditors, and other persons expect to be treated fairly as they enter into transactions in terms of value that they will give in exchange to what they will receive. To illustrate, a person or company planning to invest in stocks will appreciate what is fair if the said person or company will earn sufficient return above cost of capital in exchange for the risks being faced by such person or company (Brigham, 2002). To have what is fair, the investors must know the accurate and reliable information about of the company to guide them about their chances of gaining or losing money. These users deserve to have the opportunity to have the true or accurate value of asset, liability or equity being dealt with in a business transaction as basis for valuing the stocks that they will invest with. Financial reports prepared companies, as guided by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) accounting standard under fair value accounting, will provide these users the opportunity. Specifically, fair value accounting was made pursuant to FAS 157 as issued by US FASB for companies to reflect the accounting information on the real values of assets, liabilities and equity in the balance sheet as contrasted with presenting the information using the historical cost accounting (Meigs and Meigs, 1995). A group of analysts and portfolio managers actually formed part of those who influenced the passage of the fair value accounting for more relevant information in decision making (Chasan, 2008). Under FAS 157 defines fair value is defined as the price that would be received â€Å"to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in a measurement date† (Sortur, 2007). If companies have restated their financial statements from historical cost accounting to fair value accounting, the purpose was laudable since in simple terms, the intention is to make the information more relevant, more accurate and more reliable for decision makers. If stockholders got affected in terms of lower price of stocks as a result of restatement of financial statements, the error was when they were made the purchase of their investments under the historical cost accounting. Since fair value accounting may also increase the value of the stocks if fair value is higher than cost, it could not be asserted that it should be blamed for the fall of prices but not praised for increased in price increase of stock prices. 3. Conclusion It can be concluded that it is not reasonable to blame fair value accounting for any of the Wall Street mess since fair value accounting is only bringing out what is fair to investors who deserved to know accurate and reliable information for making decisions. Fair value accounting is an accounting standard made by FASB that was made as a requirement from the corporation which must present truthful and reliable information for investors. As an alternative to historical value of accounting, fair value is expected to have present company more reliable information about their assets and liabilities in accordance with market prices. Its implementation may have caused companies to present their financial information and if the information presented were more truthful, the consequence of causing problems to companies should only be secondary to the purpose of providing objective and more reliable financial information. Any fall in stock prices from Wall Street may in fact have been caused by companies having to restate their financial statement pursuant to fair value accounting but the intention was to reflect to truer value of assets and liabilities of the corporations whose stocks got affected. Losers should not blame fair value accounting since the latter is just a guide to have more truthful information and they would have a change also of higher stock prices under fair value if warranted by market forces. If there was no basis for such more truthful information, then restatements of financial information using fair value would not have been made in the first place. If buyers and sellers are not being compelled to complete their transaction, fair value accounting must be held as fair and cannot be blamed for the mess. In fact, fair value accounting should have been introduced years ago for it could have saved some abuse and a lot of problems (Rees-Mogg, 2007). References: Brigham and Houston (2002), Introduction to Financial Management, Thomson-South Western, USA, 2002 Chasan, Emily (2008), Is fair value accounting really fair? {www document} URL, http://www. reuters. com/article/reutersEdge/idUSN1546484120080226, Accessed November 21, 2008 Meigs and Meigs (1995), Financial Accounting, McGraw-Hill, Inc, London, UK Rees-Mogg (2007), Why FAS 157 strikes dread into bankers, {www document} URL http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/comment/columnists/william_rees_mogg/article2852547. ece, Accessed November 21, 2008. Samuelson and Nordhaus (1992), Economics, McGraw-Hill, Inc, London, UK Sortur (2007) Fair Value Measurement, The Chartered Accountant {www document} URL, http://icai. org/resource_file/96471564-1574. pdf, Accessed November 21, 2008

System Analysis And Design Learning Outcome

System Analysis And Design Learning Outcome Before getting into detail, it is important to understand the concept of System Analysis and Design. It is a study of interactive entities, including computer system analysis and designing the process of defining components, modules and etc. In this assignment I will work on the following three different phases. Each phase will cover the related content in detail. In the first part we will understand the different system life cycles models. In this part, I will discuss different life cycles and will discuss the importance of a following a procedural/staged life cycle in a system investigation. In learning outcome 2, I am going to explain the feasibility report, feasibility study and impact of different feasibility criteria on a system investigation for a particular garment shop. The purpose of feasibility study is to find the solutions or to investigate the tasks requirements, referencing this I will discuss the contents of feasibility report and when to use the feasibility study Third learning outcome is to be able to perform a system investigation in this we will undertake a system investigation to meet a business need. Use appropriate system analysis tools and techniques to carry out a system investigation. Then I will create documentation to support a system investigation and at last I will evaluate how user and system requirements have been addressed. In this assignment, each issue process would be discussed in detail to understand the basic concept. Task-1: (a): Waterfall Model: It is a very useful model which is widely used and its easy to understand as well, its a sequential design process which is flowing steadily downwards like water. It is a step by step process, if we will find any error so we would check from backward instead of directly going to that point of error. The following diagram shows the steps. images Analysis and Gathering Requirement: In this first step of waterfall model, the developer has to conduct a meeting with the costumer to know about his requirement for the software. He discusses the things in details and analyzes the whole project system and then collects requirements based on software development. System Design: In this stage based on the requirements he has collected, he will make a rough model so that the software process becomes easy for implementation. After this stage they would have documentation so that it would be easy for the user to understand. Detailed Design and Coding: In this step the developer will make an actual model of software. The developer sees the problems in details. And if there is any error they would check and correct that which is also called coding. Testing: After implementation the developer sees the software weather it is working properly or not then he will do the testing. Delivery: This is the last phase, in which the developer correct all the errors and he will hand over the software to the client. Merits of Water Fall Model: This model is easy to understand for the user. It is good for small projects where requirements are well understood. Waterfall model is preferred in projects where quality is more important than schedule or cost. Demerits of Water Fall Model: It is costly and time consuming. If we want any change we have to go from below so its difficult. Not suitable for difficult or moderate projects. (b) Some of the models that dont have specific structures are: a) Code and fix: Its very easy and simple kind of model and consists of two steps. a) Write coding to the program b) Fixing the problem in that code This model is very simple as it doesnt need any proper team work, and each one would not be able to convince his point to the others so it saves time by fixing errors in the early ages. Merits of Code and fix: It is actually less time taking. Easy to use. Good for small projects as risk is reduction. Demerits of Code and fix: Its difficult to detect the errors. No time limits. Difficult for the large projects. b) Rapid prototyping: In this model the costumers are not familiar with the software so they dont know what kind of program they actually want. It is one among the easiest and user friendly model. It does not require any team work. It will be easy to understand for non-technical management. a) The developer will do that phase or step first according to the customers wish. b) The developer will do that step first which is easy and the phase which is difficult that part he will do at the end. Merits of Rapid Prototyping: a) Less chances of risk of incorrect user requirement. b) Its a user friendly. c) The developer can save the changes and it is easy to change the changes. Demerits of rapid prototyping: The developer only can make the project for just one company. Very expensive/costly. c) Cots: (Commercial off-The Shelf Software) This is the easiest and cheapest model. In this model the developer takes the model which already is exists and they make changes in that same model only according to the user requirement. Merits of cots: a) It is a well worked model. b) It has to make changes minor. Demerits of cots: a) When we put it on internet, we face problems because the internet asks for the security code. d) Agile (XP) Manifesto: This model is used for companies only. In this model, the developer wants the team for the other skills to complete the project. Communication must be there with the client. It is easy for the developer to make changes in the software from start to the end itself. The developer gives all the updates to the client about the software. Merits of Agile: a) It is easy to make small projects. b) Main aims to final the product. c) The company can test for a good result in every week. Demerits of Agile: a) For this model it is difficult to make large projects. b) We should need to have proper planning and documentations. c) If the program will make in pairs then it will be much costly. 1.2) (a) SDLC (System development life cycle): images The System Development is consists of the following stages: a). Preliminary Investigation: The developer has to spend for some days to understand the problem; he can install the proper system. In this stage, the developer collects all the information available for the system which they need and he is also gathering the whole workers with him to collect the requirements for the system. b). Analysis of the Requirement: The developer understands the information and functions of the software which all he requires for the system. He briefly goes through the requirements and to develop the performance of the system. He also wants to get more information and resources to build the suitable system. c). System Design: The developer makes rough designs on paper or on the computer, to check whether the rough image of system includes all the requirements or not. Once this stage done, then he will choose and finalizes the suitable designs for the development of the system. d). System Coding: The developer translates the code or the program in machine language so that it can be readable easily. The coding step is time spending and it has many errors. e). System Testing: Once the programming stage done, then he tests the systems whether it is working according to the clients needs or not. And he corrects the error if there are any. f). System Implementation: This is the most important phase. In this stage the developer finally gives the system to the client and expecting for a positive response. g). System Maintenance: In this last stage, the developer wants to maintain the system and checks whether its working in the way he made it or not. Then he again maintains the system by removing the defects of flaws if happened. 1.2) (b) Rapid Prototyping: I would prefer rapid prototyping life cycle model to develop software for university works because it is one among the easiest and user friendly model. It does not require any team work and even for the non technical management it will be easy to understand. At each stage of development the progress details has to submit to the management. Here instead of presenting report we submit rough model. It will be more convenient as the management could see the development physically rather than theoretical documents. In universities any time there could be change in system or introduction of new courses. So if the management demands change in the software developing in the middle also it can be done easily. It indicates advantage over other models because complex models like water fall or spiral, if user demands changes it will be great loss because they have to follow step by step procedure and then make changes. It will consume more time and cost high. As this model is completely customer oriented theyll proceed only after the management finds satisfaction. LEARNING OUTCOME # 02 2.1 a) Feasibility Report: It is the end stage of a feasibility study. It verifies the effect of the changes suggested in feasibility study. This report used by management is brief and nontechnical to be understandable. In other words, feasibility report basically the report which gave the advice weather the project is feasible or not. Basically the report contains the summary of findings and recommendations, followed by documentations. The components of the feasibility report are the following: a) Cover letter: presents the report formally and indicates the findings and changes to be made briefly to the management b) Table of contents: an index to understand the location of each and every part of the report. c) Overview: it explains the reason for undertaking a feasibility study and includes the people affected by it and the names of the persons who conducted the study. a) Detailed findings: provides the details regarding the present system and its defects. b) Economic Justification: Here detailed cost comparison and cost estimations are presented. c) Recommendations and conclusions: Here the proposed changes and its effects on present system all are mentioned and as per the study a conclusion is provided for the report. d) Appendixes document to provide all the necessary documentation within the report for reference. b) Feasibility Study: The purpose of feasibility study is to find solutions or to investigate the tasks requirements and to determine whether its worthwhile/feasible to develop the system, collecting data or analyzing that how the project will be operate, relating it consulting the recommended business requirements. In other words, a feasibility study can help us to confirm the outcome of solution we are unaware off. A feasibility study becomes necessary when sometimes the customer is not an ideal customer. Thus it becomes necessary to confirm the assumption of project based on the client ideas. In expense terms its better to have feasibility than making poor decision from improper analysis. We should have basic information about business ideas to make the study best. We should know one or more business models or scenarios that might be used. Sufficient investigation about these models should be conducted to determine viability. A feasibility study cannot be just conducted by making few calls. For this early investigation is done before the study. For this we can seek committee member of business itself or consultant. It starts with the marketing feasibility to confirm if the present idea influences it by checking their current marketing. Its then proceeded by technical and financial feasibility by checking resources, location, current availability, budget of the project etc. since its essential to analyze before starting a project. If the idea goes with market availability, we can proceed with feasibility analysis and use it for feasibility study. 2.2) Impact of Feasibility Criteria on a System Investigation for a Garment Shop: Before starting up a garment shop a feasibility study can help us in increasing chance of our success by analyzing our ideas, shop localities, types of clothes, management staffs etc before starting. Let us discuss about the feasibility criteria on garment shop on social, economic and time scales. Social Factor: The garment shop is a socially responsible business; it has the responsibility to form a good impact on the environment as well. Earning profit is not only the aim of the project but also to provide a healthy environment with proper clothing. Considering in social basis it is necessary that the garment should variety clothes belonging to different cultures, such as western and eastern out fits. While checking viability of the project, it is necessary to include aspects like how it will work in the market, how it will differ from other organizations and how long our idea will be effective. Well profitability cannot be judged during initial months as competitions are there in all fields and shops like garment shop can provide high cash returns if it attracts customers for quite long. Economical Factor: On economic basis it is a preliminary analysis in order to determine our idea is effective. Before doing analysis there are certain criteria to keep in mind such as: a) To evaluate whether we and our management staffs posses the idea and methodologies in common that lead the company to success. b) We need assess the market for the idea we have come up with. c) To estimate basic financial feasibility our project is necessary as it is initial requirement including revenue sales, fixed prices, stock availability, financial access etc. d) To identify drawback of the garment shop as it a business it have strong competitors and analyze how to defend them. e) Finally make a right choice that whether ideas can be still effective and practical. Time Scales: The basic idea implanted of timescale in here is that, the time to market the product, which means the changes which we apply on the present system and as per the cost estimation when the shop would be ready to hit the market? The time as a constraint has always been considered by system analyst and programmers, but here in garment shop the estimated time might differ as per the budget, resources, design, etc. needed for the change. These three phases of feasibility study are observed in a system investigation for a garment shop to improve the accuracy and to make the shop much more efficient. All these stages are covered so that in future the shop would face no consequence in matter of Legal, Economical and Social. Learning Outcome # 03 Opening a new Garment Shop:- a). Introduction: I am going to explain that how a system investigation is held for opening a new garment shop and that what are the actual and basic techniques, needs and requirements at business scale. Regarding this I would make documentation on system investigation and would discuss that how user and systems requirements have been addressed. b). Descriptions of the Business: It is a clothing retail shop (a garment shop). c). Market Consideration: Clothing items and stuff would be targeted especially for teenagers and young adults; this would the starting point so it would b little bit challenging of course, especially keeping up with each of the seasonal trends. They always expect to have material to be available of their choice in color and size. Dissatisfaction of the customer in purchasing can bring lose in my sales. To store clothing in a temperature controlled ware house, cost varies. It can be reduced by proper inventory management. d). Management Team: Since it is a small-business, hiring staff increases costs dramatically, both in salary and taxes. To hire someone, looking for part-time help well in advance of the opening day would be suitable. I would provide them with adequate training on how to run the cash register, store policies and regulations, and information on the merchandise. e). Technical Specifications and Production Plan: I recommend purchasing retail fittings for the shop. These may include special needs such as display cases, racks, counters, cashier, landlines, credit cards, changing rooms for men and women and shopping bags and gift wrapping. As trend in the fashion industry is ever changing, a successful store always focuses on the latest trends and identifies which trends are on the least. A single mistake can bring great lose ending up in excessive goods, undetermined costs and collaborated brands names in the shop. And eventually causes destruction of the business. f). Marketing Plans: By adopting proper marketing strategies, I would create a buzz in the market about my clothing retail store business. Marketing would be done in such a manner that it grabs the attention of my targeted customers. For example, the design of the store and the stores website are made with the target customers in full consideration. Advertising would be done later since it needs to be well made in order to be successful and successful advertising can be costly. g). Financial and Economic Plans: A good location can do wonders to the success of any retail business. Realtors would give estimates on traffic patterns near the store location. Convenience factors, such as handicap access and parking are important for the success of the garment shop. If the store was already a clothing store, careful inquiries about the previous tenants are necessary. h). Evaluation and Conclusion: This system investigation provides a good outline and vision over the starting of the clothing retail store, committing to this plan would give a smooth start over the starting of a small business as such. However later on, modifications are necessary to keep up with new challenges introduced by this ever changing market. I would analyze about the other companies achievements and draw backs that I need to work on and get better. Then I would have extra working hours comparing to other shops and have staffs for working shifts.