Friday, December 27, 2019

Road to Revolution - 585 Words

Prior to the American Revolution, Britain controlled the colonies through a system of mercantilism. Many Americans found the system debasing, and they felt kept in a state of adolescence that was never allowed to come of age. It wasn’t until Britain began taxing the colonists after the Seven Years’ War that Americans began to realize what they had to do in order to resolve their problems being forced upon from overseas. The colonists developed a strong sense of their identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution through coming together to fight for independence from Britain. The colonial identity led to the final split between the colonies and England. Advocating the American Revolution, Edmund Burke, a British political philosopher, believed that there were no characteristics shared by America and England. Separated by a mighty ocean, Burke stated that England could not hope to rule America because of the natural barrier between them (Doc B). This barrier benefited the colonies as their identity grew because England was not able to easily control them. Between 1750 and 1776, Scots-Irish, African, and German immigrants came to America to escape their former lives in hopes of finding a better home. America was a great melting pot – a place where new race of men was blended from all of the different nations according to Hector St. John Crevecoeur (Doc H). Another step in creating the identity of the colonies was in 1775 when the First Continental Congress sentShow MoreRelatedOutline Of The Road Of Revolution 842 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Molzon 9/20/14 American Pageant – Outline Chapter 7 Dr. Urban Chapter 7 – The Road to Revolution I. The Deep Roots of Revolution A. It can be said that the road to American revolution began at the first European footsteps B. Sense of Independence had already arisen dues to the distance between England and America C. Two ideas: i. Republicanism – â€Å"a just society in which all citizens willingly subordinated their private, selfish interests to theRead MoreRevolutions: The Road to Independence Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesRevolution is a significant change of control or authority within a governmental setting. Most Revolutions are caused by political, social, and economic disputes. Consequently, the common matter for the American, French, and Latin America revolutions emerged to gain their own independence. In North America, the colonists put emphasis on their independence from Great Britain and established a new republic. In France, protesters abolished the authority of France and reorganized the French society,Read MoreThe Long Road Of Revolution During Colonial America1368 Words   |  6 Pages The Long Road to Revolution in Colonial America The four major events during the period of 1763-17751 led to the conflict between colonial America and Great Britain are the Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Tea Act, Continental Congress. First of all, in February 1765, Grenville escalated his revenue program with the stamp act, precipitating a major conflict between Britain and the colonies over Parliament’s right to tax. The Stamp Act imposed a tax on all paper used for official documents —newspapersRead MoreOne Belt One Road : A Large Scale, Profound, And Interrelated Revolution Essay2226 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å" One Belt One Road † -- From reshaping economic geography of China to Reshaping Economic Geography of world The essence of One belt one road is building a large-scale, profound, and interrelated revolution of Reshaping Economic Geography. World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography from World Bank s first proposed the idea of a significant development in the 21st century, which based on the new economic geography theory, new trade growth theory, the new theory of economic growthRead MoreTo What Extent Have Socialists Disagreed About the Means of Achieving Socialism?948 Words   |  4 Pagesmeans of achieving socialism? Socialism along with many other ideologies has a vast number of different strands and with a couple of different roads to achieving what is fundamentally socialism. Socialism being the ideology that utilises collectivisation to bring people together and to unite people by their common humanity. The two most obvious roads of socialism would be that of revolutionary socialism and also that of evolutionary socialism. This are taken on by two different types of socialistsRead MoreAnalysis of Chiles Road to Socialism Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesWeavers of Revolution, Peter Winn depicts the relationship from a â€Å"revolution from above† and â€Å"revolution from below† and how the workers of the Yarur textile factory faced an on-going struggle between the working class and the government. Winn focuses his analysis of the Chilean road to socialism around the Yarur textile factory because it is through the modernization and changes of political, economic, and industrial po licies that ultimately led to the workers movement to bring about a revolution. TheRead MoreCauses And Effects Of The Industrial Revolution1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was an extremely significant revolution due to the monumental change into mass production. There were many different causes and outcomes of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution impacted people and industries all around the world, prompting changes in many societies. For example, the Industrial Revolution initiated in Britain, but eventually found its way to America. After this, it impacted many other countries who desired the sameRead MoreWhat Was the Transportation Revolution, Why Was It Needed and What Did It Tie Together876 Words   |  4 PagesThe Transportation Revolution began in the early 1800s as an effort to dramatically improve transportation in America. The Transportation Revolution included greatly improved roads, the development of canals, and the invention of the steamboat and railroad. In 1800, there were only 23 cities with over 100,000 citizens by 1900 there were 135 cities with over 100,000 citizens. There were several type s of cities: cities that focused on the textile industry, cities that produced whiskey and hemp, andRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Is The Cornerstone Of What Makes America958 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution is the cornerstone of what makes America, the modern America. Even though we label this period of time a revolution, it actually began in Britain. It was a significant movement of advance of the time, but went through many trials and tribulations. At the end of the eighteenth century, England and France both underwent revolutions: France the French Revolution, England the industrial revolution (Sharp 2012). America was able to learn from the Britain and take advantage ofRead MoreImpact Of The Market Revolution On American History1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe Market Revolution was the most fundamental change in American history all because of three very important developments. These developments consisted of transportation, commercialization and industrializat ion. Transportation developed many more ways to get around by roads, canals, steamboats and even railroads. Commercialization began to replace household self-sufficiency with goods that were starting to be produced for a cash market. Industrialization was life changing for all of goods that were

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Media and Body Image - 729 Words

Ever wonder why more and more teenagers are having issues with their body image? As society grows, more and more young adults are becoming self-conscious about their bodies and how they look. Girls and boys alike are taught, though not verbally how they should look, from celebrities they see on TV to toys they used to play with and magazines they read on a daily basis. Media make being satisfied with how your body looks extremely difficult and it is getting out of hand. More and more young adults are developing eating disorders because they strive for the perfect body. What is body image? Body image is how a person sees themselves, how they think others perceive them and how they feel in their body. Though how a person sees themselves may not be how other people see them. Body image goes hand in hand with self-esteem though they are not the same thing. Self- esteem is having respect for yourself, and being confident in your abilities (Merriam-Webster, 1). A person would assume that t here is no way for children to have issues with body image but, it is something that is completely possible. For young girls this comes in the form of Barbie, while for young boys it comes in the form of G.I Joe. Both toy have unrealistic body proportions if they were to be real humans. The way that Barbie and G.I Joe are portrayed make children want to be them and that is extremely unhealthy. Galia Slayen a Hamilton college student attempted to build a life size Barbie doll. She discoveredShow MoreRelatedThe Media And Body Image1453 Words   |  6 Pagesknow that the media and body image are closely related. Particularly, how the body image advertising portrays affects our own body image. Research documented adolescents as they are more at risk for developing unhealthy attitudes toward their bodies. They are at a time where they re focused on developing their individual identities, making them susceptible to social pressure and media images. A major reason many people have a negat ive body image is because of the impact that the media has had on ourRead MoreMedia and Body Image1118 Words   |  4 PagesThe media has become a powerful source for changes in our society. There are so many factors and reasons for our society changing. Today I find most people obsessively worried about their body image. We all have a body and at one time or another, we worry about it. Women and men are both being affected by media sources such as television, advertising, magazines, music, and video games; not to mention the photo manipulation that goes along with it all. Questions can be asked; such as, â€Å"Is this theRead MoreThe Media Of Body Image2000 Words   |  8 PagesOnce upon a time, you probably liked your body and appreciated the many things it could do, but the route to adulthood, doubts and insecurities may have crept in. The images the media exposures the society to are of thin and beautiful women and extremely muscular men. There are negative affects to what t he media is showing the body image and mood states of young women and men. The mass media is designed to reach large audiences through the use of technology. From the moment nations wakes up untilRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Body Image1538 Words   |  7 Pagesthe concept of body image is influenced by external factors as culture, society norms, especially with the development of modern social media, it has grown up to be an important element in affecting the perception of body image to shape the body image. The influence of mass media may be related to the social comparison process of appearance in female and male. The ideal media body image, it is easy to compare in everyday life, and that will result to dissatisfaction with people s body size. On theRead MoreMedia Vs. Body Image1374 Words   |  6 Pages029 October 17, 2015 Media vs. the body Image Body image remains to be a very controversial topic in today’s society, because of how easy it is to become a hate crime over a small comment on how small or big someone’s body is. Today, it is unavoidable to see the look that it seems society wants us to look. Professor Susan Bordo writes the article, â€Å"Never Just Pictures†, describing her investigation between the media and its effects on how people view their bodies. She uses ethos, logos, andRead MoreThe Media and Body Image Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesMass media is designed to reach large audiences with technology. Its purpose is meant to give us entertainment and information we need to act as a society. Media is everywhere; there is no escaping from it. Almost every home in America has at least one TV, the internet, and a cell phone. You cannot drive down the street without seeing billboard signs. Checking out at the grocery store can be tricky if trying to avoid magazines. There are more forms of media available today then ever before; consequentlyRead MoreMedia Effects On Body Image Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesSpecific age groups and mostly women have been studied regarding media effects on body image. These studies did not test the external stimuli created by peer groups that have an impact on a person’s self-idealization. This study addressed individual age groups divided by gender in order to determine how much media effects body idealization and if gender peer group opinions impact self-idealization when viewing media models. Methods The methods used in this study incorporated individuals into groupsRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Body Image1484 Words   |  6 Pages Media has developed to become omnipresent in the day to day lives of the westernized societies. The media is considered a gigantic umbrella that houses a plethora of different outlets underneath it such as television, music videos, magazines, commercials, video games and social media. In this paper, the effects of media and various media types are examined to understand their potential outcomes. Focusing on how and if media affects body image in girls and women, the themes of dieting awarenessRead MoreMedia Effects Body Image1656 Words   |  7 PagesApril 6, 2014 The Effects of Mass Media on African American Women Body Images Over the past 10 years, mass media and the access to social networks has evolved substantially causing the effects of negative self-image and what is considered beautiful. Body image expectations for both African-American male and female share the battles of society’s expectations, yet African American women body images come with a stricter and more unhealthy stigma; growth of social media such as Facebook, Instagram andRead MoreEffects of Media on Body Image855 Words   |  3 PagesEffects of Media on Body Image Discussion This study was conducted to analyze the impact of media, mainly fashion magazines, on how women perceived the idealized body weight and shape as well as the impact of media on the decision to diet or initiate an exercise program. Twenty working class women were given questionnaires at different times. The exposure to fashion magazines was assessed by determining whether the participant was a high level frequency viewer of fashion magazines, viewing them

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Play Essay Example For Students

Play Essay The street crossing between 14th street and 15th ave. Holden bumps into Eminem. Holden: (stuttering) Um.um I, I am sorry mister. Eminem: See normally I would beat you up but you seem like a nice guy so its ok.no problem. Scene 1:Characters-Jessica, Marissa and MarySetting- Glencoe Police Station, The two girls have been arrested for possession of marijuana Mary: Ok girls. (All three girls giggle)Mary: Im going to take care of a few things, Ill be right back. Mary gathers the papers in her hands and leaves the roomMarissa: She is so nice!Jessica: I know, I wonder if maybe shell just let me stay here for a nightMarissa: Im sure it could be arranged, do you mind if I ask why though?Jessica: I just am thinking it would have to be the safest place for me once my parents find out.. It cant be so bad, free food, a place to sleep. The clothing isnt that great, but Im sure eventually I would adjust. Marissa: Yeah, thats a good plan, Im sure a little north shore girl like you could last 10 minutes in prison. Jessica: Hey, I could too. How hard could it really be?Marissa: Havent you ever seen Oz?Jessica rolls her eyes at MarissaMarissa: What! I was kidding!Jessica: This is really neither the time nor the place. Marissa: Sorry (mumbles) just trying to ease the tensionMary walks back into the room with a phone in her handMary: Here Jessica, you want to try your parents again?Mary hands Jessica the phoneJessica: Thanks. Everyone pauses a second as we wait for Jessicas parents to answer the phone, however, she cannot get a hold of themJessica: No ones homeMary: Do they have a cell phone you could try them on?Jessica: Yeah, one sec. Everyone pauses again as Jessica once again tried to contact her parents. Jessica: No answerShit. Mary: Itll be ok, you can try again in 10 minutes. Ill just go put this backMary leaves the room to put the phone awayMarissa: Are you ok honey?Jessica: Kinda this is like adding insult to injury, the waiting is killing me. I mean I know it would be hard, but I would at least feel better if they just knew. If I could talk to them for a second. Marissa: Itll all be alright, dont worryJessica: (grunts)Mary walks back into the roomMary: Marissa, your father is here to get youJessica: Duh-duh-duh-duh-DUHMary and Jessica: Hehehe Marissa: SHHH! This is not a laughing matter (grinning)Marissa walks over and gives Jessica a hugJessica: Good luck RisMarissa: You too sweetie Marissa and Jessica: Bye. Marissa and Mary leave the roomJessica turns towards the audience and speaks to them, as she will several times throughout the play. This will be indicated by Jessicas line being fully underlined in the script. Jessica: So I guess you are wondering how it is I landed myself here? Where should I startI suppose Park Street is as good of a place as any .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee , .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee .postImageUrl , .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee , .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee:hover , .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee:visited , .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee:active { border:0!important; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee:active , .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueed0eb56a7f3486ce8f88708ccc307ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Evidence of The Fantasy Theme EssayScene 2:Characters-Jessica, Marissa, Mary and Brian Setting- The two girls after smoking quite a bit of marijuana are driving along Sheridan Road. Jessica: Stop! Jessica: This is my friend Marissa. She is driving my car, and not very well. Marissa: Ooops (giggles) I thought it was a stop sign (continues to laugh)Jessica: You are going to get us busted! Seriously, you need to calm down, how could you get that confused with a stop sign anyway?Jessica: Ok, so Im a little paranoid, but wouldnt you be too? What kind of an idiot thinks a stoplight is a stop sign?Marissa: (in a more serious tone) I thought it was a blinking red, I didnt know, relax. Jessica: (mumbling) Youre relaxed enough for the both of us. Marissa: What?Jessica:

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness Essay Example

The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness Essay The corporate realm is today made very complex by the fact that businesses are increasingly consolidated and large. This is to say that practices of creating multilayered firms in both the serve and the product industries have created business models that must depend on both large and small goals. For a large firm which holds many different types of operations, making the right decisions for how to best manage these individual units while still promoting a larger and singular identity can be a big determinant of success. This discussion is guided by the concept found in the De Wit and Meyer text, stating that such large firms must deal with the so-called Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness. According to this paradox, it is a constant challenge for large firms to find a balance between the interest of consolidating its brand identity into a single, monolithic corporate structure and the interest in responding with sensitivity to the needs presented by individual factors. As the discussion and the selected case study example will show, individual factors such as customer orientation, financial performance and industry conditions. In the paradox between these two sometimes opposite demands, companies must often make hard decisions about how to pursue their operations. In the context of something such as the service industry, we can see that the achievement of this balance will be directly related to how a business manages its portfolio of operations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For the ever-growing service industry, this causes an interesting investigation into the way that unit management can be central to an operation. The approach taken by a company in the hospitality sector of the service industry, for example, should serve as a useful illustration of how organizations approach a market shaped by the De Wit and Meyer paradox. Introduction: In our consideration of the Marriott Corporation, which is an extremely successful service sector company, we can see that the way a company moves its operational assets around will be important to its management effectiveness. According to the article entitled Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital, the hospitality industry has been through both very fast growth and very sharp retraction. This has been particularly true for Marriott, which seized on an era of increased tourism and hospitality investment in order to catapult to the top of the market. However, changing market realities and the increased nuance of the hospitality industry would force Marriott to consider altering its corporate structure so it could make a change to a context where it could more effectively approach hurdles distinct to individual divisions. This would be a demonstration of its responsiveness, even as synergy had been the primary guide in its initial growth. The example here, based on the discuss at hand, will remark upon the strategies regarding capital investment, stakeholder responsibility and debt management which would effectively be approached by the corporation in managing its portfolio of units. The primary avenue to be taken by Marriott in achieving the goal of managing its operational orientation would be the creation of a new department with a more refined focus on financial strategies and investment properties relating to the specific aspect of hotel management (as opposed to the real-estate operation) For the stock-holder, this would mean more directed and informed decisions as well as a relative insulation from revenue trends, making for a more stable market in times of real estate instability. Again, we can see that Marriott would be turning toward a strategy of responsiveness. Such is to say that Marriot determined to protect the value of its existing capital by establishing a circumstance in which growth and synergy could no longer be identified as the primary interest. Instead, ensuring the retention of capital at a rate justifying its debt condition, Marriott would being a new phase in its history in which hurdle rates for achieving growth would be purposefully higher. In this way, even growth would be directed from corporate HQ by responsive rather than synthetic origins. In our research, we find that the Marriot transition was not without its costs. These would make Marriott go through some real economic changes that are part of the paradox between synthesis and responsiveness. By being forced to change operational gears, Marriott would experience a decline in earnings during its period of transformation. Due to the debt challenges noted, Marriott’s bond ratings, declined to a B level according to both SP and Moody’s in the face of real estate declines, have resulted in a higher long-term expense on new bond issues for the company. One of the key ways that Marriott would deal with its debt maturities in order to afford the transition would be in its mortgage financing of its ‘trophy’ properties, which were those continually successful marquis lodging facilities there were no longer in any mortgage debt. The greatest concern to manu financial institutions in this case was the condition that Marriott’s heavy dependency on invested debt might create a scenario where it would be incapable of covering its obligations. Naturally, this is a fear which is facing so many corporations on this scale today. That shows just how relevant the paradox discussed is. That is why the Marriott example is very useful, because it would use portfolio management strategies to deal with this financial risk. Marriott would basically create a spin-off in its new management company. A spin-off is the divestment of a company in which, rather than selling off aspects of itself in poor market conditions, it distinguishes one aspect of itself to be set apart as an independent business. This independent business will take on its own structural and financial parameters while retaining branding, technology and, in some instances, access to assets, of the parent company. This would be the essential response by Marriott to the distinct obstacles created by the changing market, particularly in consideration of the corporate retraction likely due to markedly rapid corporate growth. The divestment of the company into management and real estate firms would essentially serve to unlock the company’s assets to the benefit of the stakeholder, with the stock owners particularly served by this approach. We can therefore ultimately begin to resolve that the approach taken by Marriott would be a natural outcome in consequence to its singularly high rate of growth from a synergy centered strategy and what might be characterized as its saturation of its own market. The impact would require a responsiveness in a market approach to diminishing the corporations inherency toward this rate of growth. Though we can suggest that the consequences are likely to be somewhat severe to the organization’s personnel and resource orientation in the short term, it will undoubtedly benefit the value and extent of capital usability for individual facilities, thus improving quality organization-wide. Works Cited De Wit, B. Meyer, R. (1999). Strategy Synthesis. International Thomson Business. Ruback, R. S. (1998). Marriot Corp. : The Cost of Capital. Harvard Business Publishing.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Alcoholism in America Essays - Alcohol Abuse, Drinking Culture

Alcoholism in America Grand View University Alcoholism, also given as alcohol dependence concurrence is a example of Alcohol Use Disorder, and a broad expression for problems with ethanol (generally referred to as alcohol), and commonly refers to alcohol addiction, which is the compulsive and uncontrolled consumption of alcoholic beverages, generally to the hurt of the bibber's health, personal relationships, and convival stagnant. It is medically considered a disease, specifically an addictive unfavorableness. There are two might represent alcohol abuse, alcohol turning. Alcohol misuse has the potential to mischief almost every organize in the body, inclose the genius. The effects of chronic alcohol abuse can suit both medical and psychiatric problems. One who has alcoholism is called an alcoholic. Despite what many might think, sociology of alcohol abuse is well known across hundreds of nations all over the world. sociology of alcohol abuse has been around for several centuries and has a very important meaning in the lives of many. It would be safe to assume that sociology of alcohol abuse is going to be around for a long time and have an enormous impact on the lives of many people. Sociology of alcohol abuse has a large role in American Culture. Many people can often be seen taking part in activities associated with sociology of alcohol abuse. This is partly because people of most ages can be involved and families are brought together by this. Generally a person who displays their dislike for sociology of alcohol abuse may be considered an outcast. It is not common practice to associate economics with sociology of alcohol abuse. Generally, sociology of alcohol abuse would be thought to have no effect on our economic situation, but there are in fact some effects. The sales industry associated with sociology of alcohol abuse is actually a 2.3 billion dollar a year industry and growing each year. The industry employs nearly 150,000 people in the United States alone. It would be safe to say that sociology of alcohol abuse play an important role in American economics and shouldn't be taken for granted. After a three month long research project, I've been able to conclude that sociology of alcohol abuse doesn't negatively effect the environment at all. A sociology of alcohol abuse did not seem to result in waste products and couldn't be found in forests, jungles, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc... In fact, sociology of alcohol abuse produced some positive effects on our sweet little nature. Oh does sociology of alcohol abuse ever influence politics. Last year 5 candidates running for some sort of position used sociology of alcohol abuse as the primary topic of their campaign. A person might think sociology of alcohol abuse would be a bad topic to lead a campaign with, but in fact with the social and environmental impact is has, this topic was able to gain a great number of followers. These 5 candidates went 4 for 5 on winning their positions. Sociology of alcohol abuse seem to be a much more important idea that most give credit for. Next time you see or think of sociology of alcohol abuse, think about what you just read and realize what is really going on. It is likely you under valued sociology of alcohol abuse before, but will now start to give the credited needed and deserved. The World Health Organization esteem that there are 140 million people with alcoholism universal. Alcohol use disorders resulted in 139,000 deaths in 2013 up from 112,000 deaths in 1990. In 1979, the World Health Organization discouraged the use of "alcoholism" due to it rough intent, preferring the tribe of "alcohol hanging syndrome". In the 19th and auroral 20th centuries, alcohol dependence in common was called dipsomania, but that boundary now has a much more specific import. Many other terms, some of them insulting or unofficial, have been used throughout history. Alcoholism is characterised by an increased toleration of and physical dependence on alcohol, nerve-racking an individual's efficiency to control alcohol consumption safely. These characteristics are believed to behave a role in obstruct an spirituous's capability to stop drinking. Alcoholism can have adverse effects on mental health, causing psychiatric illness and incretionary the risk of suicide. A lowed mood is a common symptom. Long-boundary alcohol abuse can

Sunday, November 24, 2019

A Response to Richard Vernons Article The Federal Citizen Essays

A Response to Richard Vernons Article The Federal Citizen Essays A Response to Richard Vernons Article The Federal Citizen Essay A Response to Richard Vernons Article The Federal Citizen Essay In this response I will attempt to prove that federalism is not an ideologically determined system, and that the basis of its structure is visible in all types of political orientation, such as the United States, the former Soviet Union and Canada. In this response to Richard Vernons article The Federal Citizen, I will attempt to prove that the essence of federalism is actually a general theme that is available for extraction in all levels of human interaction, from the individual in society to the highest level of supra-government. As Vernon concludes, the three conceptions which necessitate federalism as a constitutional entity are; democratic responsiveness, the openness of choice of identification, and the preservation of politics from (unqualified) nationalism.1 To begin an assessment of Vernons argument for federalism it is first necessary to have a working definition of what this system is and what the goals of its implementation are. It appears to be the idea of dual citizenship, which distinguishes the aspirations of federalism from other systems. This entails belonging to an upper-level national government as well as identifying oneself with a sub level provincial or territorial government. While this is generally agreed to be the goal of federalism, its implementation and even its purpose have been consequently stretched to all shades of the political spectre. Being a broad and loosely defined doctrine, I have chosen to divide my assessment of federalism into four sections, defined as an ideology, a political tool an individual modus operandi and as an economic model. Vernons own definition appears to fulfill the ideological perspective quite neatly and requires no further introduction. As a political tool, federalism attempts to strike a balance between the powers of governmental levels as well as providing representation for majority and minority groups simultaneously. For the individual, federalism can be viewed as a method of placing oneself in the context of ones community and nation simultaneously and separately. The economic view of the federal model is a theory for maximizing utility, in monetary and social forms, while minimizing the costs to create an optimally efficient entity. Two popular forms of federalism which can be inspected from these four perspectives are inter and intra-federalism. Inter-state federalism supports strong decentralized provincial governments where the upper level government serves to monitor the activities of the sub level governments and lead the pursuit of general common goals. From an ideological perspective, inter-state federalism avoids the problem of monarchies and empires that have a centralized structure, which makes them vulnerable to revolution or attack at a single geographical point, the Roman Empire would be a suitable example of such a system. The political analysis reveals that this breed of federalism can lead to an insulation of the individual provinces and, as in the case of Quebec, may cause individual provinces to seek secession from the federal government. It would also appear that minorities within the provinces themselves would not have as high a chance of assistance from the federal government, which would be effectively subservient to the combined powers of the provincial governments. From an individual point of view, a citizen would be more concerned with the political occurrences of her own province and feel a general apathy toward political action at the highest level as well as a disinterest in international politics. A modern example of one of the shortcomings of inter-state federalism is available in the American Civil Rights movement. A deadlock between state and federal government in Alabama meant that racial segregation policies in schools were not officially ratified until 1968, a substantially long time if one considers the date at which Abraham Lincoln officially freed African Americans. This example indicates the general problem of a lack of responsiveness by government to implement immediately the ideological principles it bases itself upon. An economic critique of inter-state federalism reveals that the lack of unification will lead to a dis-economy of scale, meaning that resources that might have been saved through mass, or national, production were used inefficiently. Another interesting consequence of the economic model analysis, is that redistribution of goods or services by a more balkanized government, has the potential of favouritism between jurisdictional levels, assuming that territorial divisions create pockets of culturally or otherwise distinct groups who may be favoured over others. As the division of power gives more individuals the authority to distribute goods or services to smaller groups of individuals, it is assumed that an increase in favouritism will occur. On the other side of the spectre we find intra-state federalism, which concentrates combined regional interests at the centre of government. While in its most extreme form intra-state federalism is nothing more than pluralism, and therefore uninteresting to an exploration of federalism; paradoxically, not all its premises have been denounced. Even anarchist writers such as Proudhon, sought the influence of the intra-state upper level government in their political writings to act as a guarantor of civil liberties and minority rights. Of course, the centralized government from this perspective does not increase its democratic responsiveness to the individual citizen, nor does it protect its citizenry from unqualified nationalism. The argument of political thinkers such as Proudhon, and later George Woodcock, is that a nation-state is too vast and remote to serve the individual citizen adequately; the bureaucracy of large government is too inhuman to accommodate the needs and desires of the people it wishes to represent. Only by narrowing the focus and reducing the size of the government and its population can the institution of government be representative of its people. This theory is considered to be a co-operative model of federalism, where all actions of government are a direct result of popular will. Unfortunately, this theory does little to support the case of minority populations and would necessitate an environment of dispassionate compromise and would pose a threat to groups that tried to distinguish themselves culturally or otherwise. This model is contrasted by a political view of pluralism, where divisions of territory are seen not as cultural demarcations but as fractions of the whole system, where power is checked and balanced by other delegates of power. This picture conflicts with the intended co-operative spirit, and would be just as likely to lead to the restraining of beneficial government action as it would be to enabling it. A division of territory will inevitably lead to inequalities between provinces, consequently, if these divisions are placed in conflict with each other there will doubtlessly be victors and vanquished. It seems fantastic that a single political system could sustain being equally present on opposite sides of the political arena. To arrive any nearer the exact nature of what federalism represents it will be necessary to look slightly more philosophically at what exactly the implications of a multi-levelled government are. Throughout the arguments presented above, it would appear that the dualistic nature of self-identification has survived. I would presently like to propose that its survival is due to the fact that it is prevalent everywhere. The attitude of being from a country but a culturally distinct part of that country is not exclusive to federal nations. I myself being from Norway, consider Bergen my home, and culturally distinct from the rest of the nation. Similar cases are extant throughout the world, from London to Thailand, people will always find ways to distinguish and associate themselves. In terms of political interests, unitary countries often have a citizenry who are more acutely aware of developments on the national level not only of their own nation but of those around it as well. The development of the European Union has had a tremendous impact on how citizens of separate nation-states see themselves as a part of a whole, and the improvement and maintenance of that whole as a collective responsibility. To expand the argument outwards, the United Nations has the potential to unify all nations as subordinate entities. It would appear that federalism is not a necessary condition for a dualistic existence where an individual feels responsibility towards two separate political bodies; the evidence seems to indicate that many people exist on multiple levels of commitment and that the numbers of these allegiances are determined by ones own awareness of the world. I would propose that the theory of Vernons dualism could be transferred to the general principle of awareness, albeit in his case of a political nature. The only remaining arguments for federalism were the three presented at the beginning of this response, namely, democratic responsiveness, choice of identification and protection from unqualified nationalism. To argue against these points individually will require that they are accepted as legitimate claims, in spite of the fact that they all contain an ideological bias. If the premise that federalism is a system without ideological attachments is accepted then all three points become moot. However, I would like to argue that another outlook is available that achieves these apparent goals of federalism. It seems that at least two of the three ideological prerequisites for the existence of federalism, the choice of identification and the protection from unqualified nationalism, can be better and more precisely met by looking outside of the national arena altogether. By having a greater awareness of ones identity in a global context, one would be more free to choose which aspects of that identity one wished to represent and less inclined towards the celebration of one nation-state alone. As argued by Plato in The Republic, the structure of man and a community serve as interchangeable vehicles. Therefore, if it is possible to define a mode of behaviour on a personal level, that exact form is applicable in a proportionate dimension to nation-states or international organisations. The argument proceeds, that an analysis of a given political structure or society will reveal the form of the individuals within that society, in effect their social roles. It is on this principle that I believe the third goal of Vernons federalism is to be found. I would like to argue that the essence of democracy is a philosophical state of being with a pattern of behaviour associated with that state. It would be futile to look to the real world for a responsive democratic government, as with federalism, democracy has become an abstract notion that all countries of the world either title themselves or aspire to. We must therefore accept democracy as an abstract mental projection, an ideal form to which we find only distortions in reality. The essence of democracy is arguably somewhere in between fairness and justice; again two abstract projections neither of which can be said to have corresponding physical manifestations. Therefore, the implications of the term democratic responsiveness are much more complex than a mere streamlining of bureaucratic protocol. I will unfortunately, be unable to give any alternative to federalism for this goal, as I am u nsure of its exact meaning and of Richard Vernons intent when he stated it. The reason that I feel Vernon and his predecessors failed to disentangle themselves from the federalist notion was that they tried to build a framework specific to their political alliances. By setting ideological parameters on a universal principle such as awareness, they blinded their own awareness to the essential truth of what they were exploring. Instead of seeing the ability to juggle several conflicting alliances simultaneously as a natural and necessary condition of human and therefore societal existence, Vernon attempted to establish an absolute truth within a very specific theoretical framework. What he failed to realize was that this basic condition of awareness was the absolute truth and that it existed independent of any political system or framework. I would like to challenge Vernon to find any extant political or social system that could not be interpreted as having his general federalist structure. In conclusion, I would argue that the importance of federalism as a dualist system is a misconception and that all politically aware people exist and view themselves in a multi-levelled society. Vernons ideological claims are not best represented by federalism from an individualistic, ideological, economic or political standpoint. The basic tenants of federalism, as outlined in his closing remarks are not representative of the broad political spectrum which the system crosses. I believe that for federalism to become a concrete political system would require a much closer definition of its constitutional framework.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

M06HRM-Leading, Managing and developing People Essay

M06HRM-Leading, Managing and developing People - Essay Example A psychological contract is a critical component of the employer and the worker relationship. Employment contracts involve an agreement that the parties involved pledge to adhere to thus forming the basis of their engagement. According to Kotler, psychological contract is that implicit agreement between an employee and the organisation that he/she is supposed to work for that outlines the expectations of all the parties involved. The expectations may depict a match or mismatch of expectation since in other situations one party may be expecting much from the other and vice versa (Rousseau, 2005). Conversely, the expectations of both sides may match in that they may be anticipating the same outcomes, for instance, the employer may be expecting quality work from the employee, on the other hand, the employee plans for a good pay for quality work done. In this particular case, the expectations from both sides are congruent and thus the psychological contract established will be consistent with the reality on the ground (Petersitzke, 2009). The basis on which psychological contracts are founded depends on the obligation of the concerned parties like in the case of Tiger Cars Ltd the employees had the duty to work for a certain number of hours as their contract with the company was time-bound, hence they quantity of work done would be determined by the number of hours worked and not the duration of stay at the enterprise. On the other hand, the management of Tiger Cars Ltd had the obligation of providing adequate training to the employees to enhance their quality of service as well as providing an equitable pay that proportionately reflect the services rendered (Rousseau, 2005). The type of a psychological contract that existed between Tiger Cars Ltd and its employees was transactional in nature since money was the primary incentive for the agreement. Given the fact that the contract of workers with the company was

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Analysis of statistical status of bank based in uae Statistics Project

Analysis of statistical status of bank based in uae - Statistics Project Example e yearly market price on specific stock indicated in the company’s archive for the year 2009/2010 ranges from 2.67 to 3.45 price (AED) while specific monthly fluctuations on a fundamental average consist of 2.71 in January, 2.83 in February, 2.67 in March, 2.97 in April, 3.01 in May, 3.02 in June, 2.88 in July, 3.07 in August, 3.21 in September, 3.33 in October, 3.45 in November and 3.37 in December. The price (AED) situated here is the mean monthly figure calculated and hence are prone to price fluctuations in between days to a relative degree of negative or positive pips. The price AED on these stocks show us two premiered fundamentals and trends which enables us to potentially establish a forthcoming prediction as to how the relative stock prices would behave in the coming annual year and how much return would an investor achieve through such calculations. The first piece of evidence regarding this is the increasing trend of stock prices valued in AED. This inclination identifies that the stock prices on any amount of investment would surly benefit the investor and hence the ADX (Average directional Index) is an up move positive directed i.e. value inclined is greater that down move while value inclined > 0 which clearly indicates that the ADX is a +DM and consequently as per J Welles Wilder a + DI on the fourteen day exponential moving average, J. Welles Wilder, Jr. (June 1978). The second most evident fact suggest two particular things, the first being that as the amount of fluctuations between the stock prices is relatively high hence the risk factor involved is on the higher side as well consequently making an escalated percentage uncertainty on the return investments. The second aspect of this hypothetical claim lies with the fact that the variance on this particular stock is altitudinous in nature i.e. to claim that while observ ing the February and December stock changes we may witness a decline in the Price AED hence suggesting the fact that mean

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Housing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Housing - Essay Example An increasing number of broken and desolate homes because of desertion by a husband and wife are directly traceable in many cases to intolerable housing conditions. The plane of sexual morality is likely to be lower in areas of poor housing. Self respect is broken down slowly due to lack of privacy and indiscriminate intermingling of the sexes increases the tendency to delinquency. A low standard of housing is one of the important factors in the problems arising of child neglect. Most of the wards of social agencies come from areas of poor housing. Moreover, areas of poor housing do not meet their full share of the tax burden. The rate is already low because of the exemptions to dwellings assessed at less $2000 and collections are not as good as in the areas of better. Poor housing and slum conditions are not local problems. They have become national problems and solutions are needed. Factors that lead to poor housing include institutional racism. This is due to ethnic minorities not being able to access owner occupation. Single people may usually have less potential to raise a mortgage or secure a market rent without being dependant on benefits. Likewise, low income households tend to be marginalized into the lower end of the private sector. The homeless frequently require social, educational and welfare support. They are further disadvantaged when placed in temporary accommodation where poor housing standards and community facilities compound their situation. There is a physical shortage of suitable dwellings since the 1980’s and 1990’s which have favored the private sector as a housing provider according to Bruce (1997). The issue arising from too much demand and too little supply of houses has resulted in increased low quality housing. With benefits being paid to landlords regardless of conditions, there is little fiscal incentive for landlords to invest in their properties. Solution to poor housing Deregulation of rents and tenancies has trap ped many tenants within the sector long-term hence making tenants increasingly marginalized from mainstream society. Such issues reinforce the argument that housing regeneration and promoting healthier housing is not just about living accommodation or unemployment. It is also about the complex interrelationship of social exclusion, abandonment of inner-city areas and current lifestyle that make up the bottom end of the private rented sector. The combination effect of these social issues cannot be stressed strongly enough. Housing and health are both key issues. Access to poor housing generally results from disadvantage which frequently results in access to poor housing and therefore poor health. Economic conditions have partly hidden this fact because there has been much doubling up and overcrowding. If people could manage to secure a reasonably full employment, it is projected that more than 25000 residents could secure better dwelling places according to Coakley (2005). In order t o solve this vice, there have been housing programs established to transform living conditions, improving educational facilities to furnish the human kind to live in better conditions. There were also family therapy sessions to create a better understanding among families according to Linesch (2005). However, these have never proceeded on a coordinated basis of development. Housing measures have greatly fluctuated at the whims of legislative bodies. There are efforts by some government bodies that are dedicated to

Friday, November 15, 2019

Purpose of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) in Paramedic Practice

Purpose of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) in Paramedic Practice Lachlan Donnet-Jones Intro Electrocardiogram, commonly abbreviated to ECG or EKG, is defined as â€Å"a graphic tracing of the variations in electrical potential caused by the excitationof the heart muscle and detected at the body surface† (Dorlands). An ECG monitor is the device that has the ability to read and graphically present an ECG reading (Mosby’s Dictionary of Med) via a digital monitor or printed on a strip of special graph paper designed to show the rhythm of the heart over time (Mistovich). There are many different manufacturers of ECG monitors such as Philips and Physio-Control (ASNSW Protocols). An ECG monitor allows two methods of recording electrical activity, a 4-lead reading and a 12-lead reading. The ECG readings consist of three segments; a P wave, QRS complex and a T wave. The PQRST waves are the components that create the ‘waves’ or ‘spikes’ presented on an ECG reading. Electrocardiography has an extensive history dating back many centuries as pione ers of medical science were eager to understand the electrical functionality of the heart. History of ECG, what was before ECG? In the year 1600 William Gilbert discovered static electricity, a discovery that would eventuate in the development of one of the most important medical inventions of all time, the electrocardiogram. In the early nineteenth century the first instruments were invented that were sensitive enough to detect small electrical currents in the heart. The first functioning electrocardiogram was created by Willem Einthoven, a Dutch doctor and physiologist, in 1903. Einthoven won the Nobel Prize in medicine in 1924 for his electrocardiogram invention. Prior to the invention of the electrocardiogram an instrument called the string galvanometer was used to detect electrical activity, it was an earlier invention of Einthoven’s. The string galvanometer could be used to measure cardiac electrical activity in a procedure where patients would submerge three of their limbs into a saline solution creating ‘Einthoven’s Triangle†, a principle still used in contemporary electrocardiogram recording. Before both the electrocardiogram and string galvanometer were invented a device called the capillary electrometer was invented by Gabriel Lippmann in 1872. The capillary electrometer consisted of â€Å"sulphuric acid and mercury in a capillary tube with wires at each end† (WEST INDIAN MED JOURNAL). Similar to the string galvanometer Lippmann’s device requires the patient to place limbs into tubs of saline solution and was the first device to read cardiac activity using this method (WEST INDIAN MED JOURNAL). Little did these early inventers know that their inventions would go on to be used thousands of times per day at all corners of the globe with its purpose and functionality continually polished and refined over the years as is evident in modern day ECG monitors. http://www.jchimp.net/index.php/jchimp/article/view/14383/html http://caribbean.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S0043-31442005000300012lng=en http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Willem_Einthoven http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippmann_electrometer [Naming the waves of ECG their genesis.pdf] [The origins of the electrocardiogram as a clinical instrument.pdf] http://search.credoreference.com.ezproxy.utas.edu.au/content/entry/dicscientist/einthoven_willem_1860_1927/0?searchId=1a112bd3-b32d-11e3-9ce6-12c1d36507eeresult=0 http://search.credoreference.com.ezproxy.utas.edu.au/content/entry/ehsmed/einthoven_s_triangle/0 http://search.credoreference.com.ezproxy.utas.edu.au/content/entry/columency/galvanometer/0 http://www.ecglibrary.com/ecghist.html Purpose functionality The ECG machines purpose and functionality is to provide information and understanding of the heart’s electrical functionality. (MISTOVICH) This includes information on the current rate at which the heart is beating, whether the heartbeat rhythm is regular or irregular, how strong the electrical signals are and the timing between the electrical signals. There are two methods to procure an ECG reading, a 4-lead and a 12-lead. The main difference is the number of leads used to obtain a reading which in effect allows for a better or worse reading. They are both effective in attaining information on the hearts electrical activity, however they are different and have their advantages and disadvantages. The 4-lead method, sometimes called 3-lead, typically uses three limb-leads: RA (right arm), LA (left arm) and RL (right leg). Each lead is attached to the torso despite the lead labels indicating otherwise. The RA lead (white) is placed ‘to the right side of the anterior chest just under the clavicle at the midclavicular line’ and is the negative lead, meaning it augments the signal of the LA lead. The LA lead (black, brown or green) is placed OPPOSITE the RA lead and is the grounding lead. RL lead is the final lead and is placed ‘to the left lower chest at about the seventh intercostal space on the anterior axillary li ne’ and is the positive lead. 4-lead monitoring is useful as it is quick to apply and †¦ 4-lead monitoring has its benefits however it cannot deliver the same level of comprehensive and detailed information that a 12-lead reading is capable of. The application of a 12-lead ECG monitor requires applying 10 leads, 4 ‘limb leads’ and 6 ‘precordial leads’. 4 lead 12 lead PQRST Graph paper Defibrillation Phillips, lifepak Other functions [Guidelines for electrocardiography.pdf] http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com/archive/may-2010/how-to-read-an-electrocardiogram-ecg.-part-one-basic-principles-of-the-ecg.-the-normal-ecg.html ECG contribution to patient assessment ECG Monitoring is typically used following a primary assessment especially in cases where there is a suspected issue with the heart or cardiovascular system. An ECG provides paramedics with information about the electrical functionality of the cardiovascular system. This is done by analysing the electrical activity displayed on the ECG reading and observing any changes in the waveform in relation to the rate and rhythm. As well as the rate and rhythm the paramedic would note any changes in the P wave, PR intervals, QRS complex, S-T segments and the P to R ratios (REFERENCE). Through this method of analysis the sign and symptoms of a patient assumed to be having cardiac issues can be confirmed for the initial diagnosis (REFERENCE). For example during the primary assessment the patient is suspected of having a myocardial infarction and is showing symptoms of chest pain, hypotension, diaphoresis and a weak and rapid pulse the paramedic’s primary goal would be to obtain an ECG rea ding which can then confirm the initial assessment by virtue of the PQRST waveform. Ambulance Service New South Wales protocols provides a list of common conditions that may require ECG monitoring, the list includes: â€Å"Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), Dyspnoea (SOB), trauma, lowered level of consciousness (LOC), post syncope episode, cardiac dysrhythmias† and many other conditions which interfere with the hearts normal capacity to function (ASNSW Protocols). Provides paramedic information in a situation (subsequent to primary assessment/surgery) that may involves cardiac issues, events or abnormalities via reading the ECG reading and linking any abnormalities in the PQRST waveform to the patient’s symptoms condition. (LOOK IN MISTOVICH, PP. 1463ish) Situations or indications that may require ECG monitoring include: post syncopal episode, a decreased level of consciousness, chest pain, acute coronary syndrome, shortness of breath, dysrhythmias or if any cardiac occurrence is suspected (ASNSW Skills 2011, 103.5.2). FOR EXAMPLES: Myocardial Infarction etc. Use a med journal/article/study? Strengths, weaknesses challenges faced by paramedics (critique) An ECG monitor such as the Phillips carried by Ambulance Tasmania or the Lifepak15 carried by Ambulance Service New South Wales are incredibly versatile diagnostic tools. They are portable and can be taken into the field to patients even in challenging situations such as the small interior of a crumpled car or a in a remote bush area (ASNSW Protocols; AT Protocols). The ECG monitor allows for immediate and continuous monitoring of the electrical functionality of the heart permitting a critical assessment of the patient’s condition to be made. The paramedic can then inform the receiving hospital of the patient’s condition and allow for the necessary measures for treatment to be organised prior to the patient’s arrival. (REFERENCE) One of the significant faults of an ECG is it can only illustrate the electrical activity of the heart, it does not tell us how well the heart is functioning mechanically (Jones, 2008). Though there are clear benefits of using an ECG monitor in the paramedic field there are also certain weaknesses in its use such as the unreliability of consistent and accurate ECG readings. It is essential for paramedics to accurately interpret ECG readings to avoid mistaken initial diagnosis which can prove costly for patient well-being in time-critical situations. Contributing factors to inaccurate ECG interpretation include cognitive bias and heuristics (mental shortcuts) (ECG READINGS BY DOCTORS). Properly cleaning skin with swabs, removing any hair in the way and certifying that the area is dry before application of electrodes will help to increase ECG accuracy and reduce inaccuracies (MISTOVICH; ASNSW Protocols). Other environmental factors such as vehicle movement can contribute to inaccurate ECG readings by virtue of unstable leads creating artefacts. Similarly if the patient is in a combative or wrestles state it can interfere with clear ECG readings, so keeping the patient calm, reducing anxiety and eliminating stressful factors can be beneficial to both acquiring vital information and the patient’s well-being. (REFERENCE) References 2011 Electrocardiogram inDorlands illustrated medical dictionary, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, USA. 2012 Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) inMosbys dictionary of medicine, nursing, health professions, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, USA. Accessed: 30 March 2014, from Credo Reference Goy, Jean-Jacques; Staufer, Jean-Christophe; Schlaepfer, Jà ¼rg; Christeler, Pierre 2013, Electrocardiography (ECG), e-book, accessed 19 March 2014, http://UTAS.eblib.com.au/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1310813>. Jones, SA 2008,ECG Success [Electronic Resource] : Exercises In ECG Interpretation / Shirley A. Jones, n.p.: Philadelphia : F.A. Davis Company, c2008., Items in the Library Catalogue, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 March 2014. Resources http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/ekg/ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003868.htm http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Electrocardiogram http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.utas.edu.au/eds/detail?sid=59a6c19e-901d-440a-b791-a71625c1f886%40sessionmgr114vid=1hid=104bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=cat02831aAN=UTas.b1560119 http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.utas.edu.au/eds/results?sid=127dd355-fcfc-42af-a93e-9ccff2e157c5%40sessionmgr115vid=1hid=104bquery=ecg+(PT+book+OR+PT+ebook)bdata=JmNsaTA9RlQxJmNsdjA9WSZ0eXBlPTAmc2l0ZT1lZHMtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d Page 1 of 8

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Importance of Knowing Grammar to Students Essay

â€Å"indeed.† Grammar is the backbone of a language and without it any single thing you know may be flux, in a sort of jelly without much consistency. In a nutshell, grammar provides you with the structure you need in order to organize and put your messages and ideas across. It is the railway through which your messages will be transported. Without it, in the same way as a train cannot move without railways, you won’t be able to convey your ideas to their full extension without a good command of the underlying grammar patterns and structures of the language. I understand that many students ask this question simply because in their own experience they have always been presented with two main scenarios, and nothing in between. They want to know where they are going to be standing as regards to their learning. Which are those two scenarios? Well, in one extreme we have those language courses that teach grammar almost exclusively, as if preparing the students to be grammarians of the second language rather than users. In the other extreme we have those â€Å"communicative† courses in which the only thing that is done is to talk about something or to read an article and comment on it. In many cases, what is seen in one class has no resemblance to what is done in the next. In my experience, both scenarios may seem good for very specific purposes but I personally feel both are inappropriate for most language learners. For starters, by itself, a good command of the grammar of a language does not imply that the person is able to communicate effectively, as we usually see with students who have only been exposed to an all-grammar-oriented approach sometimes for many years. Many could recite the grammar by heart but if asked to express basic information, they would hesitate too much and browse through all the grammar rules in their heads before making an utterance, or simply dry up. Secondly, just talking in class without anything else done in order to learn from the actual conversation is not good enough either. It may be helpful of course, but up to a certain point. This approach may be more useful for very advanced students who just need to brush up their second language, but for those in need of building up the foundations of a new language, it is certainly too vague and flux, without any consistency. So then, when asked: â€Å"is grammar really important for a second language learner?† I always say â€Å"yes†, but, the real question, or issue here is not whether grammar is important or not but rather how we should present grammar to our students. You may be surprised to hear that most of my own students, even advanced ones, have very little awareness of grammar jargon and terminology, in spite of the fact that they can make a pretty good use of the second language. â€Å"How is that possible?† you may ask. First and foremost, teachers need to know precisely what they are trying to prepare their students for. I do know that what I want is to â€Å"create† users of a new language. I want to prepare people to actually engage in communicative situations using appropriate language and patterns. I am definitely not interested in their explaining to me or making a mental list of all the grammar uses that a certain pattern has. For example, think of your own native language. Name all the tenses that you can find in your own native tongue with their corresponding uses and structures. Unless you are a teacher, a translator or someone who needs to have a very good grasp of this meta-language, more likely than not you may feel at a loss to answer that question. And that does NOT mean in any sense that you are not a terrific user of that language. After all, you can understand and express whatever you want with ease. What is more, by being able to do so, you show an awesome command of the internal grammar of the language. If you knew no grammar patterns you would not be able to make a single sentence but you can. This means that although you may lack the conscious ability to describe how your language works (i.e. its grammar) you can use it perfectly. You are a user of the language. You make a perfect use of the grammar of your native language intuitively or unconsciously. Again, our primary goal as second language teachers must be to create users or the language, not linguists! It escapes the aim of this article to describe how we can achieve this but basically we are going to name the main elements to consider to create â€Å"language users.† To begin with, it should be noted that whatever we present our students with should follow a progression from the very general meaning to the very specific pattern or structure we want them to learn (or that they need to learn of course). I would like to highlight that all this takes place within the same class. Before we start to use the material we have selected, it would be good to introduce the students to the topic you are going to work on. You can have them guess or infer what the material will say about it, they can make predictions and when they fail to use appropriate language, you may provide it. This is good to elicit vocabulary that may be necessary for them to know in order to understand the topic. After you have created curiosity in the topic and provided students with key terms on the topic, make sure you follow a progression such as the one that follows: 1) Provide them with exposure to real language and real situations IN CONTEXT. 2) Initial focus on gist, not form. 3) Focus on more specific meaning. 4) We can then focus on very specific meaning. 5) Analysis and systematization: after we make sure the students have a good understanding of the whole material, you can have them focus on particular items or patterns that may be important for them to learn at their stage (i.e. grammar) You can systematize it more formally and teach them how it works. After all, they have already seen it in practice and they have also worked around meaning, now it is time for them to learn how to use it. 6) Give them exercises for them to practice the new structure. Do not be afraid of using grammar drills and patterns. They could be VERY useful for them to fix the new structures in their brains. 7) Give them homework to force them to revise this at a later time. The homework does not necessarily need to be communicative in nature. Profit from the time in class to communicate and interact. If possible, avoid drilling activities while you are with them in class. However, the time they are on their own could be very well used to do all the drilling and rote practice that may prove useful for them to gain a good command of the grammar form you are trying to teach them. Personally I feel that the time in class must be used for providing learners with as many communicative situations as possible, rather than making them focus on drills and patterns that they could easily practise on their own. 8) Provide them with ample opportunities to practice what they have learned in REAL or REALISTIC communicative situations. Create situations so that they can make lots of mistakes and encourage them to improve on them by reminding them of what they have studied. 9) Recycle and mention the topic again as many times as necessary, time and again. This is essential for them to finally acquire the new structures in a natural way. As you can see, I am not condemning grammar at all as some readers may feel when in my articles I complain about teachers working almost exclusively with a grammar-oriented approach. On the contrary, I feel it is essential in order to master a language. However, how grammar is presented to the students is what really matters. I utterly disagree with those teachers who come to class and tell the class: â€Å"Open your books. Today we will learn the â€Å"Simple Present Tense.† In the suggested steps to follow in any class, you will have noticed that I have used a quite eclectic approach, starting from a communicative situation (steps 1-4) with the focus on understanding the message from the gist up to very detailed info and later, and only later, once meaning is clearly understood, we reach the grammar item we may need our students to learn at their stage. The obvious advantage of this approach is that while dealing with grammar, the students will have a clear idea of the context in which it was used and the communicative need it satisfied.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Ansoff Matrix , Pdf

Strengths | Weaknesses | Fast decision making|   Ã‚  Negative image of the Middle East|   Ã‚  Oil money, booming economy|   Ã‚  Barren desert, the lack of natural resources|   Ã‚  Political neutrality and impartiality|   Ã‚  Only 20% of UAE nationals|   Ã‚  Unique beauty, hotels and attractions|   Ã‚  The lack of fundamental infrastructure: transportation, water|   Ã‚  Luxury experience includes relaxing beaches and invigorating sport and exploration opportunities|   Ã‚  Luxuries might appeal too small a segment|   Ã‚  Safe environment|   | |   | Opportunities | Threats |Increasing oil price|   Ã‚  Strong competitors: within the region: Abu Dhabi, Qatar; outside of region: Singapore, Hong Kong|   Ã‚  Increase job opportunities for immigrants and natives|   Ã‚  Oil running out in 30 years|   Ã‚  Growing luxury market|   Ã‚  Terrorism and war could further negative image of Middle East, UAE|   Ã‚  Increase in foreign investment|   Ã‚  Limited media coverage|   Ã‚  Proactive attitude|   | Well-developed MICE environment|   | A successful small business should communicate to the customer why they should pick you among the myriad of options in your industry today.For that A SWOT analysis should be done from a realistic point of view and keeping in mind a very discerning customer. The analysis should also consider the standards of the industry and your major competitors. A basic SWOT analysis should be Strengths Anything that the industry requires, that you do well and your competitor doesn't do can be your strength. For example your company's distribution channels, your direct marketing approach, your patented high end product. Weaknesses We can all list strengths, but can we be realistic and list weaknesses?This might be the take off point for any small business. Weaknesses can be anything from non efficient staff to a lack luster front end office. Opportunities Successful business turns threats to Opportunities. Opportun ities abound today's ever dynamic world, where new markets are being formed and the customer is being provided with revolutionary products. Opportunities can come as new business regulations or even a wrong move by your competitor. Threats How you identify and tackle threats will pave your path to success. A new competitor with a more sophisticated product can be a threat.Being aware of this in advance and making a better package for the customer to stand up against the competitor's new product is how a threat becomes an opportunity. SWOT is simple and like all simple and age old strategies very powerful. SWOT is a starting point and is also plays a major part in strategic planning. Pest analysis of UAE Name: United Arab Emirates. The Emirates are: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Ras Al Khaimah, and Fujairah. Government: Federation of the seven Emirates, each with its own ruler.President: Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan. Area: 83,600sq. Km (including 200 islands) Location: Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia Population: 2,407,460 and includes 1,576,472 non-nationals July 2001 Language: Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdo Religion: Muslim 96% (Shi’a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4% Climate: Desert; cooler in eastern mountains Currency: The UAE Dirham (Dh) or (AED), 1Dh = 100 fils Exchange Rate: 3. 671 Dh per US $1 (http://www. uaeforever. com) Political factors:The political situation in the UAE is stable. The Emirates banking systems have developed; relationship based banking and monetary system that is capable to fulfill later stage funding supplies, whether it is equity, loans or leasing. Almost banking organizations, represented by almost every major financial institution in the world can either invest or assist in accessing UAE’s emerging capital markets. Gaining commercial loans in the UAE is based on established credibility and relationships with inf luential people to create a more stable political atmosphere.The government mainly sets up the financial politics but there are organizations such as the ADCCI (Abu Dhabi Camber of Commerce and Industry) that serve as a bridge between the private sector and the government. ADCCI provides a wide range of services, such as setting up the Sheikh Khalifa Fund to provide technical and financial support for small-medium enterprises set up by the youth, they also organize trade fairs, sending delegations abroad to promote Abu Dhabi as a commercial center and initiating training programs that train nationals to join the private sector.The strong banking system increases presence of venture capital and government funding provide substantial financial resources to foreign and local entrepreneurs. The most crucial factor is raising capital for a new foreign entrepreneur is to establish good relationships with local guarantors or other established foreign entrepreneurs. The best thing to do her e is to get a network of contacts essential for successful business in the system Political risk factors Four types of political risk factors must be examined in assessing the climate for investment in any given country.They are: 1. Regime change: A change in key government personnel through normal electoral or authorized political processes, or through illegal means. 2. Political turmoil: General levels of politically inspired violence, including violent strikes, guerrilla action, or civil war 3. Government policy: Decisions with respect to fiscal and monetary policies, trade restrictions or foreign investment regulations. 4. External events: other countries actions that affect the country of concern. (book: Global Investing page 89). Taxes The UAE does not have any enforced federal income tax legislation for general business nor is any such tax envisaged in the foreseeable future. Taxation on trade or business income would be, in theory, based on income tax decrees issued by the i ndividual Emirates prior to the crediting of UAE as federation in 1971. To income tax decree has been enacted by each Emirate, in practice the enforcement of these decrees is restricted to foreign banks and oil companies. To incant investors there is no personal taxation in the UAE.Except for oil and gas-producing companies that pay royalties and taxes on their proceeds and foreign banks that pay 20% of their profits, there are no direct corporate income taxes; there are no preservation taxes. In the free zones, enterprises are granted at least a 15-year tax exemption guarantee regardless of the changes in the laws. The currency is fully convertible and there are no taxes on the repatriation of capital or earnings. Further, there are no foreign exchange controls, quotas or trade barriers and import duties and tariffs are extremely low. (Book: Banking in the UAE) Economic factors:In the last fifteen years the economy of UAE has move very quickly. The discovery of oil and its developm ent provided the drive to the local trade, which earlier mainly represented the entrepot trading activities of Dubai. The primary trade strength of the UAE has been reconfirmed by the really strong economy, which was almost unconstrained by the Gulf War and other regional events. (book: UAE Economy) The banking system consists of the Central Bank, 21 national banks with 281 branches, 28 foreign banks with around 1,001 branches, one restricted license bank, two investment banks and 10 representative offices.The Central Bank acts as the government’s advisor on financial and monetary matters, issues currency and controls the banking sector. The national banks have a dominant share of the market. The leading institutions are National Bank of Abu Dhabi, Emirates Bank International, National Bank of Dubai, Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank and Mashreq bank. The foreign commercial banks have about 25% of the market share and hold roughly the same amount in total bank assets.The regulation o f the UAE financial market was taken a further step in March 2000 with the launch of the Dubai Financial Market, which made the buying and selling of stocks official previously, this had to be carried out informally through private investment agencies. With less than 10 companies listed and Volume of $1 million in daily transactions, the Dubai Financial Market is early to provide an environment sufficiently attractive to act as a magnet for the massive overseas reserves (estimated at $600 billion by the IMF). There are even investments for foreigners now in the Emirates.A recent announcement made by public joint stock company EMAAR properties (owned 32% by the Dubai government) to allow foreigners to own up to 20 percent of shares is a major move towards opening up of the UAE financial market to international capital. Economic analysis in the UAE is difficult as there are delays by the federal and emirate governments in publishing comprehensive and accurate statistics in a timely ma nner. The private sector institutions including banks and foreign oil companies are not allowed to disseminate statistics directly to the public.The UAE has an open economy with one of the highest GDP per capita in the world and a sizable annual surplus. (www. emirates. org/economy). This pie outlines the economic sectors GDP for year 1994: The UAE has good economic conditions including strong currency; strong GDP and population growth (present rate approximately 6. 5% per year) therefore, provides significant opportunities for entrepreneurs in non-oil related sectors Porter five force model on Dubai The UAE retail sector continues to grow, supported by the upgrading of existing retail stores and the addition of state of the art new mega retail stores.The UAE market presents retailers with diverse relatively high-income consumers. Exporters who are willing to establish personal relationships, consolidate shipments, and meet the labeling requirements of the UAE market will find a rap idly growing sector in which to sell a wide range or products. Annual sales in the industry are estimated at $3. 5 billion. The UAE food retail sector continues its aggressive growth. More large type stores are being built. French retail chain already operates in the market while a new one is being prepared to launch its services. Value of retailed products are currently estimated by trades at about $2. billion. The French Retail Giant, Carrefour, has moved aggressively into the retail of food and non-food products in the United Arab Emirates and is expected to open at more locations across the UAE. Other Arabian Peninsula markets are definitely in the cards for this retailer as consumers go more and more for low prices and everything under one roof. The author analyzes the Food Retail Industry in the UAE in Michael Porter's Five Forces Analysis. It uses concepts developed in Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and th erefore attractiveness of a market.Porter referred to these forces as the microenvironment, to contrast it with the more general term macro-environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of the forces normally requires a company to re-assess the marketplace Food Retail Industry in the UAE– Porter’s Five Forces Strategy Analysis The UAE retail sector continues to grow, supported by the upgrading of existing retail stores and the addition of state of the art new mega retail stores.The UAE market presents retailers with diverse relatively high-income consumers. Exporters who are willing to establish personal relationships, consolidate shipments, and meet the labeling requirements of the UAE market will find a rapidly growing sector in which to sell a wide range or products. Annual sales in the industry are estimated at $3. 5 billion. The UAE food retail sector continues its agg ressive growth. More large type stores are being built. French retail chain already operates in the market while a new one is being prepared to launch its services.Value of retailed products are currently estimated by trades at about $2. 5 billion. The French Retail Giant, Carrefour, has moved aggressively into the retail of food and non-food products in the United Arab Emirates and is expected to open at more locations across the UAE. Other Arabian Peninsula markets are definitely in the cards for this retailer as consumers go more and more for low prices and everything under one roof. Aruvian's R'search analyzes the Food Retail Industry in the UAE in Michael Porter’s Five Forces Analysis.It uses concepts developed in Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Porter referred to these forces as the microenvironment, to contrast it with the more general term macro-environment. They consist of those forces close to a company that affect its ability to serve its customers and make a profit. A change in any of the forces normally requires a company to re-assess the marketplace

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on Haiti

In the Haitian culture children are considered to be their parent’s property. In American culture children are conditioned to believe that they are free – even from their parents. The two philosophies regarding parent-child relationships causes conflict in cross-cultural families. In her short story, â€Å"Caroline’s Wedding,† Edwidge Danticat exposes the cultural struggle between mother and daughter. The daughter, Caroline, is raised in America, and as a result, has adopted the country’s customs. The mother’s homeland, however, is Haiti. â€Å"Ma,† as she is referred to throughout the story, has difficulty preserving the Haitian traditions that she values, and accepting the American customs that surround her. Furthermore, she has difficulty accepting that her daughter has become â€Å"Americanized.† In Caroline’s Wedding, Ma is initially upset that her youngest daughter is marrying out of the family’s Haitian cult ure. Ma struggles to accept that Caroline is engaged to a Bahamian man, and that their engagement and wedding plans are non-traditional. Throughout the story, Danticat shows Ma’s growing acceptance of the wedding. She shows Ma increasingly being able to understand her daughter’s decision to marry. Finally, Ma fully accepts the marriage. Her acceptance of the marriage results because she sees herself mirrored in her daughter. She realizes that despite cultural differences, they both experience genuine love. Second, Ma uses her oldest daughter, Grace, as a bridge between the two cultures. Ma is Haitian, Caroline is American, and Grace can associate to both cultures. Grace, then, helps her mother and sister understand one another. Finally, Ma accepts the marriage because she lets go of Caroline, realizing that she will still be a part of her life. Throughout Caroline’s engagement and wedding Ma shows that she is capable of accepting American customs while preservin g her own Haitian culture. Ma begins to accept ... Free Essays on Haiti Free Essays on Haiti In the Haitian culture children are considered to be their parent’s property. In American culture children are conditioned to believe that they are free – even from their parents. The two philosophies regarding parent-child relationships causes conflict in cross-cultural families. In her short story, â€Å"Caroline’s Wedding,† Edwidge Danticat exposes the cultural struggle between mother and daughter. The daughter, Caroline, is raised in America, and as a result, has adopted the country’s customs. The mother’s homeland, however, is Haiti. â€Å"Ma,† as she is referred to throughout the story, has difficulty preserving the Haitian traditions that she values, and accepting the American customs that surround her. Furthermore, she has difficulty accepting that her daughter has become â€Å"Americanized.† In Caroline’s Wedding, Ma is initially upset that her youngest daughter is marrying out of the family’s Haitian cult ure. Ma struggles to accept that Caroline is engaged to a Bahamian man, and that their engagement and wedding plans are non-traditional. Throughout the story, Danticat shows Ma’s growing acceptance of the wedding. She shows Ma increasingly being able to understand her daughter’s decision to marry. Finally, Ma fully accepts the marriage. Her acceptance of the marriage results because she sees herself mirrored in her daughter. She realizes that despite cultural differences, they both experience genuine love. Second, Ma uses her oldest daughter, Grace, as a bridge between the two cultures. Ma is Haitian, Caroline is American, and Grace can associate to both cultures. Grace, then, helps her mother and sister understand one another. Finally, Ma accepts the marriage because she lets go of Caroline, realizing that she will still be a part of her life. Throughout Caroline’s engagement and wedding Ma shows that she is capable of accepting American customs while preservin g her own Haitian culture. Ma begins to accept ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Safety outfits - Police Essays - Law Enforcement, Safety

Safety outfits - Police Essays - Law Enforcement, Safety Safety outfits - Police The police force offer a variety of personal protective equipment, which is specially designed to the purpose of protecting the officers from gaining serious injuries or illnesses that can result from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical or mechanical hazards and many more that occur in there day to day jobs. There are many different outfits and devices that ensure their safety such as goggles, coveralls, gloves, vests, gas masks, shields and many others. Police shields are used to prevent the officer from being harmed and often act as a barrier between the officer and the person on the other side. These shields provide protection against major or serious threats for law enforcement during tactical entry and public order situations. Police are provided with many different forms of shields such as riot shilds and ballistic shields for stronger protection. Police offers can have specially trained police dogs that are used to keep them safe and to attack people threatening to harm the officers, tracking prisoners, or guarding buildings, these dogs are specially trained with an officer who they learn to obey and protect, and normally only follow the strict commands given to then by this officer forming a bond as they often work together daily and so the officer can rely on his K-9 to protect and have his back. During chases or raids police wear protective vests and body armour that is bullet proof which helps protect them and allows them to complete the task at hand as well as preventing them from being killed in dangerous situations even though they is still occurring daily. They normally carry a pair of hand cuffs around with them daily which are put around the prisoners wrists which stop them from using their hands or wrists to fight back. A baton is a stick used as a weapon by an officer to use during violent situations along with pepper spray which causes severe pain when it comes in contact with your eyes. Tasers are weapons that produce a strong electric current that police shoot at people to stop them from being violent or running away

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Monetary Transmission Mechanism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Monetary Transmission Mechanism - Essay Example The priors that have been utilized in VARs inculcate, making use of several variables. VARs can result in analytical conclusions for predictive densities. Furthermore, VARs can be applied for shrinking of forecasts that are provided by prior facts. The priors differ from how well they are capable of handling the departures. In accordance, the Structural VAR (SVAR) method is also used in MTM at note-worthy frequencies. The structural form of VAR helps in forecasting the effects of different interventions that can relate to monetary policies. To be noted in this regard, MTM uses three different procedures to interpret a VAR approach. These procedures involve casualty tests that can be used to evaluate the causal relationships between several variables. Apart from finding out the association among variables, these tests can also help in finding lags among those variables. Secondly, impulse response procedure is deemed useful for assessing the dynamic consequences of the shock while impl ementing VAR approaches in MTM. Finally, Variance Decompositions procedure is exploited for examining the percentage of variance, elucidated through shock to variables and aggregate shocks from the remaining variables (Brooks, 2008). Channels of Transmissions Approach The mechanism consists of two types of channels including the ‘neoclassical’ and the ‘non-neo classical channel’. The neoclassical channel deals with perfect financial markets, whereas, the neo-classical channels deal with imperfect financial markets.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Contract Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Law - Research Paper Example The court substantiates the value of a breach thereby punishing the offending party depending on the specific breach. A contract has various components created systematically with the view to protecting the interests of both parties as the discussion below shows. According to the contract law in the country, a contract consists of three specific elements. The three are an offer, acceptance and the competent person. An offer refers to the proposition by an individual who requires a particular service of a product. Such a person, known as the â€Å"offeror† approaches another who can undertake the duties with the offer. The â€Å"offeree† considers the terms of the request before deciding either to accept or to decline. As stated earlier, entry into a contract is normally voluntary (Bainbridge, 2012). The process of analyzing the content of the offer is known as consideration. Additionally, consideration refers to a valuable substance the two parties exchange in the transaction. Both parties must offer something of value such as money, servive or a product to validate the agreement. The â€Å"offeree† considers the details of the offer and often engages the â€Å"offeror† in a revision exercise in order to make the terms friendly to both parties. Acceptance therefore refers to the admission by the â€Å"offeree† to undertake the tasks as proposed by the offer. This way, both the â€Å"offeror† and the â€Å"offeree† become legally bound to the contract and must therefore meet their obligations as stated in the contract. The two parties constitute the â€Å"competent persons† described above. The three elements described above require effective evidence, which often occur in writing. However, two parties can enter a contract verbally by expressing their interests in working with each other. Intention is an equally important feature to consider especially in verbal agreements. Just as the name suggests, intention refers to the probable reasons for behaving in a

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

The challenges and opportunities for healthcare services in the future Essay

The challenges and opportunities for healthcare services in the future - Essay Example e first aid services to all sick or injured people, provide programs for the prevention and control of communicable diseases, control of endemic diseases, and offer generic medical advice1. However, health care services are facedwith many challenges presented by demographic and economic pressures. On the objective side, many opportunities can help healthcare services to develop and improve. Health care was and will continue to be one of the important sources in promoting the physical health and the wellbeing of people all over the world. However, with the advent of numerous healthcare changes, the sector of healthcare as well as the people who are working in healthcare service is continually presented with many challenges and the opportunities. This paper will discuss in detail the challenges and the opportunities for health care services in the future. It will have a deeper look at three main topics: technology and research, people and chronic disease, and working environment. It will address the challenges and the opportunities in each of these topics2. The world health organization has focused on establishing factors that contribute to the high preference of chronic diseases in their recent past. According to WHO, food determinants are a critical determinant of the health of any individual. An increased consumption of fast foods and a high preference for unhealthy foods has contributed to the souring occurrences of chronic diseases. Diseases such as cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure and liver and kidney diseases are attributable to an unhealthy eating pattern. The need for adoption of healthy eating patterns cannot be over emphasized3. Food habits have a direct correlation to the body mass index which is a reflection of one’s susceptibility to chronic diseases4. This is to say that, people with poor eating habits register high BMIs, high cholesterol levels and are susceptible to obesity. If such trends persist then the future will present a higher

Monday, October 28, 2019

Sony company Essay Example for Free

Sony company Essay One of the most recognized brand names in the world today, Sony Corporation, Japan, established its India operations in November 1994, focusing on the sales and marketing of Sony products in the country. In a span of 16 years, Sony India has exemplified the quest for excellence in the world of digital lifestyle becoming the country’s foremost consumer electronics brand. With relentless commitment to quality, consistent dedication to customer satisfaction and unparalleled standards of service, Sony India is recognized as a benchmark for new age technology, superior quality, digital concepts and personalized service that has ensured loyal customers and nationwide acclaim in the industry. With brands names such as BRAVIA, VAIO, Tablet, Handycam ®, Cyber-shot, Walkman ®, Xplodâ„ ¢, Sony hi-fi, Memory stick ® and PlayStation ®, Sony has established itself as a value leader across its various product categories of Audio/Visual Entertainment products, Information and Communications, Recording Media, Business and Professional products. Sony India is one of the most recognized consumer electronics brand in the country, with a reputation for new age technology, digital concepts and excellent after sales service. In India, Sony has its footprint across all major towns and cities in the country through a distribution network comprising of over 10,400 dealers and distributors, 270 exclusive Sony outlets and 23 direct branch locations. Sony India also has a strong service presence across the country with 255 service outlets. Manned by customer friendly and informed sales persons, Sony’s exclusive stores ‘Sony Center’ are fast becoming the most visible face of the company in India. A distinctive feature of Sony’s service is its highly motivated and well-trained staff that provides the kind of attentive and sensitive service that is rare today. Sony is committed to ensuring that both the products and the marketing activities employed truly make a difference to people’s lifestyles and offer them new dimensions of enjoyment. Relentless commitment to quality, continuous dedication to customer satisfaction and unparalleled standards of service is what differentiates us from countless competitors and reflects a true image of all that is Sony. HISTORY It was in 1946 that Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita together with a small team of passionate and committed group of employees started to build â€Å"Tokyo Tsushin Kenkyujo† (Totsuko), or â€Å"Tokyo Telecommunications Research Institute† into the billion dollar global conglomerate that it is today. The main objective of the company was to design and create innovative products which would benefit the people. From early attempts at creating products like the rice-cooker to the later success of creating Japan’s first magnetic recorder, the innovative company went on to create other hit products which won the company widespread recognition and international acclaim as a truly global company known for its quality and innovative products. Significant product milestones included Japan’s first transistor radio (1955), Trinitron colour television (1968), Walkman personal stereo (1979), Handycam videocamera (1989), PlayStation (1994), Blu-ray Disc recorder (2003) and PlayStation 3 (2006). The company name of Sony was created by combining two words of â€Å"sonus† and â€Å"sonny†. The word â€Å"sonus† in Latin represents words like sound and sonic. The other word â€Å"sonny† means little son. Used in combination, Sony is supposed to represent a very small group of young people who have the energy and passion towards unlimited creations and innovative ideas. With the far-sight of expanding worldwide, it was in 1958 that the company formally adopted â€Å"Sony Corporation† as its corporate name. Easy to pronounce and read in any language, the name Sony, which has a lively ring to it, fits comfortably with the spirit of freedom and open-mindedness. FORMATS AND TECHNOLOGIES Sony has historically been notable for creating its own in-house standards for new recording and storage technologies, instead of adopting those of other manufacturers and standards bodies. The most infamous of these was the videotape format war of the early 1980s, when Sony marketed the Betamax system for video cassette recorders against the VHS format developed by JVC. In the end, VHS gained critical mass in the marketbase and became the worldwide standard for consumer VCRs and Sony adopted the format. While Betamax is for all practical purposes an obsolete format, a professional-oriented component video format called Betacam that was derived from Betamax is still used today, especially in the television industry, although far less so in recent years with the introduction of digital and high definition. Sony launched the Betamax videocassette recording format in 1975. In 1979 the Walkman brand was introduced, in the form of the worlds first portable music player. 1982 saw the launch of Sonys professional Betacam videotape format and the collaborative Compact Disc (CD) format. In 1983 Sony introduced 90 mm micro diskettes (better known as 3.5-inch (89 mm) floppy disks), which it had developed at a time when there were 4 floppy disks and a lot of variations from different companies to replace the then on-going 5.25 floppy disks. Sony had great success and the format became dominant; 3.5 floppy disks gradually became obsolete as they were replaced by current media formats. In 1983 Sony launched the MSX, a home computer system, and introduced the world (with their counterpart Philips) to the Compact Disc (CD). In 1984 Sony launched the Discman series which extended their Walkman brand to portable CD products. In 1985 Sony launched their Handycam products and the Video8 format. Video8 and the follow-on hi-band Hi8 format became popular in the consumer camcorder market. In 1987 Sony launched the 4 mm DAT or Digital Audio Tape as a new digital audio tape standard. In addition to developing consumer-based recording media, after the launch of the CD Sony began development of commercially based recording media. In 1986 they launched Write-Once optical discs (WO) and in 1988 launched Magneto-optical discs which were around 125MB size for the specific use of archival data storage. In the early 1990s two high-density optical storage standards were being developed: one was the MultiMedia Compact Disc (MMCD), backed by Philips and Sony, and the other was the Super Density disc (SD), supported by Toshiba and many others. Philips and Sony abandoned their MMCD format and agreed upon Toshibas SD format with only one modification based on MMCD technology, viz EFMPlus. The unified disc format was called DVD which was marketed in 1997. Sony introduced the MiniDisc format in 1993 as an alternative to Philips DCC or Digital Compact Cassette. Since the introduction of MiniDisc, Sony has attempted to promote its own audio compression technologies under the ATRAC brand, against the more widely used MP3. Until late 2004, Sonys Network Walkman line of digital portable music players did not support the MP3 de facto standard natively, although the provided software SonicStage would convert MP3 files into the ATRAC or ATRAC3 formats. In 1993, Sony challenged the industry standard Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound format with a newer and more advanced proprietary motion picture digital audio format called SDDS (Sony Dynamic Digital Sound). This format employed eight channels (7.1) of audio opposed to just six used in Dolby Digital 5.1 at the time. Unlike Dolby Digital, SDDS utilized a method of backup by having mirrored arrays of bits on both sides of the film which acted as a measure of reliability in case the film was partially damaged. Ultimately, SDDS has been vastly overshadowed by the preferred DTS (Digital Theatre System) and Dolby Digital standards in the motion picture industry. SDDS was solely developed for use in the theatre circuit; Sony never intended to develop a home theatre version of SDDS. In 1998, Sony launched their Memory Stick format; flash memory cards for use in Sony lines of digital cameras and portable music players. It has seen little support outside of Sonys own products with Secure Digital cards (SD) commanding considerably greater popularity. This is due in part to the SD formats greater throughput (which allows faster recording and access), higher capacities, and significantly lower price per unit capacity compared to Memory Sticks available at the same time. Sony has made updates to the Memory Stick format with Memory Stick Duo and Memory Stick Micro. Sony and Philips jointly developed the Sony-Philips digital interface format (S/PDIF) and the high-fidelity audio system SACD. The latter has since been entrenched in a format war with DVD-Audio. At present, neither has gained a major foothold with the general public. CDs are preferred by consumers because of ubiquitous presence of CD drives in consumer devices. In 2004, Sony built upon the MiniDisc format by releasing Hi-MD. Hi-MD allows the playback and recording of audio on newly introduced 1 GB Hi-MD discs in addition to playback and recording on regular MiniDiscs. Recordings on the Hi-MD Walkmans can be transferred to and from the computer virtually unrestricted, unlike earlier NetMD. In addition to saving audio on the discs, Hi-MD allows the storage of computer files such as documents, videos and photos. Hi-MD introduced the ability to record CD-quality audio with a linear PCM recording feature. It was the first time since MiniDiscs introduction in 1992 that the ATRAC codec could be bypassed and lossless CD-quality audio could be recorded on the small discs. Sony was one of the leading developers of the Blu-ray Disc optical disc format, the newest standard for disc-based content delivery. The format emerged as the market leader over the competing standard, Toshibas HD DVD, after a 2 year-long format war. The first Blu-ray players became commercially available in 2006. By the end of 2007 the format had the backing of every major motion picture studio except Universal, Paramount, and DreamWorks The Blu-ray formats popularity continued to increase, solidifying its position as the dominant HD media format, and Toshiba announced its decision to stop supporting HD DVD in 2008. Now, all major studios support Blu-ray and release their films on the format. CORPORATE INFORMATION Finances Sony is one of Japans largest corporations by revenue. It had revenues of  ¥6.395 trillion in 2012. It also maintains large reserves of cash, with  ¥13.29 trillion on hand as of 2012. In May 2012, Sony shares were valued at about $15 billion. The company was immensely profitable throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, in part because of the success of its new PlayStation line. The company encountered financial difficulty in the mid- to late-2000s due to a number of factors: the global financial crisis, increased competition for PlayStation, and the Japanese earthquake. The company faced three consecutive years of losses leading up to 2011. While noting the negative effects of intervening circumstances such as natural disasters and fluctuating currency exchange rates, the Financial Times criticized the company for its lack of resilience and inability to gauge the economy. The newspaper voiced skepticism about Sonys revitalization efforts, given a lack of tangible results. In September 2000 Sony had a market capitalization of $100 billion; but by December 2011 it had plunged to $18 billion, reflecting falling prospects for Sony but also reflecting grossly inflated share prices of the dot.com years. Net worth, as measured by stockholder equity, has steadily grown from $17.9 billion in March 2002 to $35.6 billion through December 2011. Earnings yield (inverse of the price to earnings ratio) has never been more than 5% and usually much less; thus Sony has always traded in over-priced ranges with the exception of the 2009 market bottom. In April 2012, Sony announced that it would reduce its workforce by 10,000 (6% of its employee base) as part of CEO Hirais effort to get the company back into the green. This came after a loss of 520 billion yen (roughly US$6.36 billion) for fiscal 2012, the worst since the company was founded. Accumulation loss for the past four years was 919.32 billion-yen. Sony plans to increase its marketing expenses by 30% in 2012. 1,000 of the jobs cut come from the companys mobile phone units workforce. 700 jobs will be cut in the 2012-2013 fiscal year and the remaining 300 in the following fiscal year. On 9 December 2008, Sony Corporation announced that it would be cutting 8,000 jobs, dropping 8,000 contractors and reducing its global manufacturing sites by 10% to save $1.1 billion per year. Environmental record In November 2011, Sony was ranked 9th (jointly with Panasonic) in Greenpeaces Guide to Greener Electronics. This chart grades major electronics companies on their environmental work. The company scored 3.6/10, incurring a penalty point for comments it has made in opposition to energy efficiency standards in California. It also risks a further penalty point in future editions for being a member of trade associations that have commented against energy efficiency standards. Together with Philips, Sony receives the highest score for energy policy advocacy after calling on the EU to adopt an unconditional 30% reduction target for greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. Meanwhile, it receives full marks for the efficiency of its products. In 2007, Sony ranked 14th on the Greenpeace guide. Sony fell from its earlier 11th place ranking due to Greenpeaces claims that Sony had double standards in their waste policies. Since 1976, Sony has had an Environmental Conference. Sonys policies address their effects on global warming, the environment, and resources. They are taking steps to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that they put out as well as regulating the products they get from their suppliers in a process that they call green procurement. Sony has said that they have signed on to have about 75 percent of their Sony Building running on geothermal power. The Sony Take Back Recycling Program allow consumers to recycle the electronics products that they buy from Sony by taking them to eCycle (Recycling) drop-off points around the U.S. The company has also developed a biobattery that runs on sugars and carbohydrates that works similarly to the way living creatures work. This is the most powerful small biobattery to date. In 2000, Sony faced criticism for a document entitled NGO Strategy that was leaked to the press. The document involved the companys surveillance of environmental activists in an attempt to plan how to counter their movements. It specifically mentioned environmental groups that were trying to pass laws that held electronics-producing companies responsible for the clean up of the toxic chemicals contained in their merchandise. EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION Employee Data The addition of employees of its mobile communications business, included in the scope of consolidation effective from fiscal year 2011, was offset by substantial personnel reductions at production sites in the East Asia and Asia/Pacific regions (i.e., excluding Japan) accompanying the implementation of production adjustments. As a consequence, as of March 31, 2012, the Sony Group had approximately 162,700 employees on its books, down 5,500 from the previous fiscal year-end. Sony Corporations headcount peaked at 23,000 in 1993, after which it remained fairly consistent at approximately 17,000. As of March 31, 2012, Sony Corporations headcount was approximately 16,000. Composition of Sony Corporations Directors and Corporate Executive Officers ELECTRONICS Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group. It primarily conducts strategic business planning of the group, research and development (RD), planning, designing and marketing for electronics products. Its subsidiaries such as Sony EMCS Corporation (6 plants in Japan), Sony Semiconductor Corporation (7 plants in Japan) and its subsidiaries outside Japan (Brazil, China, England, India, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and United States) are responsible for manufacturing as well as product engineering (Sony EMCS is also responsible for customer service operations). In 2012, Sony incorporated rolled most of its consumer content services (including video, music, and gaming) into the Sony Entertainment Network. Sony produced the worlds first portable music player, the Walkman in 1979. This line fostered a fundamental change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry music with them and listen to music through lightweight headphones. Walkman originally referred to portable audio cassette players. Sony utilized a related brand, Discman, to refer to its CD players. It dropped this name in the late 1990s. Sony sells many of its computer products using the VAIO brand. Sony entered again into the global computer market under the new VAIO brand, began in 1996. Short for Video Audio Integrated Operation, the line was the first computer brand to highlight visual-audio features. Sony faced considerable controversy when some of its laptop batteries exploded and caught fire in 2006 resulting in the largest computer-related recall to that point in history. In a bid to join the tablet computer market, the company launched its Sony Tablet series in 2011. The machines run on Google Android software. Sony offers a range of digital cameras. Point-and-shoot models adopt the Cyber-shot name, while digital single-lens reflex models are branded using Alpha. The first Cyber-shot was introduced in 1996. At the time, digital cameras were a relative novelty. Sonys market share of the digital camera market fell from a high of 20% to 9% by 2005 Sony entered the market for digital single-lens reflex cameras in 2006 when it acquired the camera business of Konica Minolta. Sony rebranded the companys line of cameras as its Alpha line. Sony is the worlds third largest manufacturer of the cameras, behind leaders Canon and Nikon. Sony used the LCD WEGA name for its LCD TVs until summer 2005. The company then introduced the BRAVIA name. BRAVIA is an in house brand owned by Sony which produces high-definition LCD televisions, projection TVs and front projectors, home cinemas and the BRAVIA home theatre range. All Sony high-definition flat-panel LCD televisions in North America have carried the logo for BRAVIA since 2005. Sony is the third-largest maker of televisions in the world. As of 2012[update], Sonys television business has been unprofitable for eight year. In December 2011, Sony agreed to sell all stake in an LCD joint venture with Samsung Electronics for about $940 million. On 28 March 2012, Sony Corporation and Sharp Corporation announced that they have agreed to further amend the joint venture agreement originally executed by the parties in July 2009, as amended in April 2011, for the establishment and operation of Sharp Display Products Corporation (SDP), a joint venture to produce and sell large-sized LCD panels and modules. Sony also sells a range of DVD players. It has shifted its focus in recent years to promoting the Blu-ray format, including discs and players. Sony produces a wide range of semiconductors and electronic components including image sensors, laser diodes, system LSIs, mixed-signal LSIs, OLED panels, etc. The company has a strong presence in image sensor market. Sony-manufactured CCD and CMOS image sensors are widely used in digital cameras, smartphones, tablet computers. Sony Ericsson distinguished itself with multimedia-capable mobile phones, which included features such as cameras. These were unusual for the time. Despite their innovations, SMC faced intense competition from Apples iPhone, released in 2007. From 2008 to 2010, amid a global recession, SMC slashed its workforce by several thousand. Sony acquired Ericssons share of the venture in 2012 for over US$1 billion. In 2009, SMC was the fourth-largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world (after Nokia, Samsung and LG). By 2010, its market share had fallen to sixth place. Sony Mobile Communications now focuses exclusively on the smart phone market. Launched in 1994, the first PlayStation gained 61% of global console sales and broke Nintendos long-standing lead in the market. The console has become the most successful of all time, selling over 150 million units as of 2011[update]. Early on, poor sales performance resulted in significant losses for the company, pushing it to sell the console at a loss. It later introduced the PlayStation Move, an accessory that allows players to control video games using motion gestures.Early on, the format was used for movies, but it has since lost major studio support. Sony released a disc-less version of its PlayStation Portable, the PSP Go. The company went on to release its second portable video game system, PlayStation Vita, in 2011 and 2012. Sony Online Entertainment operates online services for PlayStation, as well as several other online games. In 2011 hackers broke into the PlayStation Network online service, stealing the personal information of 77 million account holders. ENTERTAINMENT Sony Pictures Entertainment, Inc. (SPE) is the television and film production/distribution unit of Sony. With 12.5% box office market share in 2011, the company was ranked 3rd among movie studios. Its group sales in 2010 were US$7.2 billion. The company has produced many notable movie franchises, including Spider-Man, The Karate Kid, and Men in Black. It has also produced popular television game shows Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune. Sony entered the television and film production market when it acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment in 1989 for $3.4 billion. SPEs television division is known as Sony Pictures Television. For the first several years of its existence, Sony Pictures Entertainment performed poorly, leading many to suspect the company would sell off the division. In July 2000, a marketing executive working for Sony Corporation created a fictitious film critic, David Manning, who gave consistently good reviews for releases from Sony subsidiary Columbia Pictures that generally received poor reviews amongst real critics. Sony Music Entertainment (also known as SME or Sony Music) is the second-largest global recorded music company of the big four record companies and is controlled by Sony Corporation of America, the United States subsidiary of Japans Sony Corporation. The company owns full or partial rights to the catalogues of Michael Jackson, The Beatles, Usher, Eminem, Akon, and others. In one of its largest-ever acquisitions, Sony purchased CBS Record Group in 1987 for US$2 billion. In the process, Sony gained the rights to the catalogue of Michael Jackson, considered by the Guinness Book of World Records to be the most successful entertainer of all time. In 2004, Sony entered into a joint venture with Bertelsmann AG, merging Sony Music Entertainment with Bertelsmann Music Group to create Sony BMG. In 2005, Sony BMG faced a copy protection scandal, because its music CDs had installed a controversial feature on users computer that posing a security risk to affected users. In 2007, the company acquired Famous Music for US$370 million, gaining the rights to the catalogues of Eminem and Akon, among others. Sony bought out Bertelsmanns share in the company and formed a new Sony Music Entertainment in 2008. Since then, the company has undergone management changes.